Transcript Epidemics & Pandemics


Create Cornell Notes based on the following
slides about Epidemics and Pandemics.

You do NOT need to write down everything for
each of the 10 worst epidemics/pandemics of
our time!
 Write
the name of the disease and 1 fact about that
outbreak.
EPIDEMICS & PANDEMICS
http://www.nytimes.com/learning/teachers/featured_articles/2
0090501friday.html
WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?

An epidemic occurs when a disease affects a
large number of people within a given
population, such as a city or geographic region.
A
disease that appears as new cases in a given
human population, during a given period, at a rate
that substantially exceeds what is "expected."
 Ex.
Typhoid, outbreaks within schools or hospitals.

If an epidemic affects even greater numbers
and a wider area, these outbreaks
become pandemics.
 An
outbreak of an infectious disease across an
entire country (or more); an epidemic over a wide
geographic area and affecting a large proportion of
the population.
 Ex.
HIV/AIDS, Malaria, & Smallpox
MAKE THE FOLLOWING T-CHART IN YOUR NOTES

Epidemics

Pandemics
List each outbreak (of the
10 following slides) as
either an epidemic or
pandemic
10 WORST EPIDEMICS AND PANDEMICS
OF OUR TIME

10. Smallpox – early 1500s
 Caused
by the variola virus
 Spread through direct contact with an infected
person’s skin, but can also be spread through the
air in close, confined spaces.
 The Americas were home to an estimated 100
million native people. During the centuries that
followed, epidemic diseases decreased that
number to somewhere between 5 and 10 million.
9. INFLUENZA - 1918
 Global
estimates range between 50 and 100
million fatalities [source: NPR ].
 The flu of 1918 wasn't the typical influenza virus we
encounter every year. This was a new strain of flu
microbe, the H1N1 avian influenza A virus.
 Human immune systems were not prepared for this
new strain of virus.
8. THE BLACK DEATH - 1348
Killed half of Europe's population in 1348 and
also decimated parts of China and India.
 Was thought to be traveling in its bubonic form
on the fleas of rats and through the air in its
pneumonic form.
 Some scientists now argue the Black Death
may have been a hemorrhagic virus similar to
ebola. This form of illness results in massive
blood loss.

7. MALARIA


Malaria is caused by four species of Plasmodium
microbes common to two species: mosquitoes and
humans. When infected mosquitoes feed on human
blood, they pass on the microbes. Once in the blood,
the microbes grow inside red blood cells, destroying
them in the process.
In the American Civil War alone, 1,316,000 men
reportedly suffered from the illness and 10,000 died.
6. TUBERCULOSIS – 1600S

Beginning in the 1600s, what was known as
the Great White Plague raged for 200 years in
Europe, killing approximately one out of every
seven infected people. TB was a constant
problem in colonial America. Even at the close
of the 19th century, 10 percent of all U.S.
deaths were attributed to tuberculosis
5. CHOLERA – 1800S
In the 19th century, traders inadvertently
exported the deadly virus back to cities in
China, Japan, North Africa, the Middle East and
Europe.
 Millions were killed.
 Humans can contract the bacterium through
close physical contact, but cholera mainly
spreads though contaminated water and food.

4. AIDS – 1980’S TO PRESENT
The emergence of AIDS in the 1980s has killed
an estimated 25 million people since 1981.
According to recent statistics, 33.2 million
people are currently HIV-positive, and 2.1
million people died of AIDS in 2007 alone
 HIV becomes AIDS if the immune system
breaks down severely enough.

3. YELLOW FEVER


When Europeans began importing African slaves to
the Americas, they also brought over a number of new
diseases, including yellow fever. This illness, also
known as "yellow jack," ripped through the colonies,
decimating farms and even major cities.
When French emperor Napoleon sent an army of
33,000 to French landholdings in North America,
yellow fever killed 29,000 of those soldiers.
2. TYPHUS
The disease plagued humankind for centuries,
inflicting deaths by the thousands. Given its
frequency among encamped armies, it was
often dubbed "camp fever" or "war fever."
During the course of Europe's Thirty Years War
(1618-1648), typhus, plague and starvation
claimed an estimated 10 million people.
 Improved treatment methods and sanitary
conditions greatly reduced typhus' impact in
modern times.

1. POLIO
As recently as 1952, there were an estimated
58,000 cases of polio in the United States
alone -- one-third of the patients were
paralyzed. Of these cases, more than 3,000
died.
 Cases in the U.S. and developed nations
dropped dramatically, and only a handful of
developing nations still experience polio at
such levels.
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VENN DIAGRAM/TOP HAT
EPIDEMIC VS. PANDEMIC
Put the following on your diagram!
 An
outbreak of a disease that effects people in the
same population, community, or region at the same
time
 An outbreak of an infectious disease that is
spreading through the human population in large
numbers and across a large region, continent or
even worldwide.
 Using
your Cornell notes, include examples of each.
 Using your brain, list commonalities of each.
K-W-L CHART
Label the chart “Pandemic Panic”
 Fill out the “Know” column with your table
partner.
 Things to think about! What do you know about
viruses? How they spread? How they multiply?
How can I catch the virus? How can I avoid
getting the virus? What is good hand washing?
Do face masks help curtail the spread of the
illness? What are the symptoms of the “swine
flu”?
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