Transcript Chapter 20 Diseasex

CDC
Center for Disease Control
for the United States is located in Atlanta,
Georgia. Their job is to monitor and
protect the population of the United
States to prevent the outbreak of disease.
They predict the 3 strands of the flu virus
that will be most probable each year so
vaccinations can be made for it.
Epidemic- affects local areas,
communities, cities, states,
countries or one continent.
Pandemic- affects large areas
such as 2 or more continents
or world wide.
Disease
Noninfectious disease- does
not spread from person to
person (heart, cancer, diabetes,
hemophilia, sickle cell, etc.)
Usually caused by heredity, lack
of exercise, smoking, fatty diets,
or other bad health habit.
Disease
Infectious disease- can
pass from person to
person. Is caused by a
virus, bacteria, fungi, or
protists.
Mutagens- causes the cell to mutate or
change. X-rays, ultraviolet light sunlight in
excess, cigarette smoke, asbestos, chemicals
(benzene, xylene, PCP’s).
Vector- Animal transmits pathogen from a
host to a new organism (mosquito with malaria
to a human, dog with rabies to a human, tick to
human, flea to human). Vector does not get
sick itself.
Carrier- transmits pathogen from person to
person (cold or flu). Carrier is sick with disease.
Ways to pass on Pathogens
• Air
• Contaminated objects (door knobs,
pencils, cell phones, keyboards, clothing,
any object used by another person).
Wash your hands!!!!!!
• Person to person- Carriers
• Animals to person- Vectors
• Food and Water- eating or drinking
(sharing) after another person.
Ways to stay well
Stay away from infectious people
Wash your hands often with soap and
water
Get plenty of rest
Drink plenty of fluids
Eat a healthy diet
Exercise regularly
Pasteurization
• Process of killing bacteria
in food by heating. Louis
Pasteur given credit for its
discovery.
Antibiotic vs Antiviral
• Antibiotics are substances that kills
bacteria or slows its growth. Antibiotics
can kill only living things. A virus is
unaffected by antibiotics because it is not
living. Must use Antiviral medicines
against viruses and they are not 100%
effective because viruses change so
quickly. Vaccination is the best
defense against viruses, builds immunity.
Heart Disease- non infectious
Heart disease
Lung Cancer-noninfectious
Sneeze at 160 mphs- infectious
Skin cancer-noninfectious
Skin cancer
Antibiotic
Antibiotic are a substance that
kills bacteria or slows its
growth( good and bad bacteria).
Antibiotics can kill only living
organisms. A virus is not
affected by antibiotics because
it is not living.
Antiviral
• Must use antiviral medicines
against viruses and they are not
100% effective because viruses
change so quickly. There are not
many antiviral medicines. The
best way to protect yourself
against viruses is through early
Vaccinations to build immunity.
Vaccine
• A substance that is placed in the body
that helps the body gain immunity to a
disease. The substance is a killed
pathogen or a very weakened
pathogen that helps the body build up
its defenses against the disease.
• Small pox, shingles, chicken pox,
common cold, influenza.
Bacterial diseases
Strep throat, tuberculosis,
lyme’s disease, bacterial
meningitis, leprosy, bubonic
plague, typhoid fever, rocky
mountain spotted fever,
tetanus, diphtheria
Virus caused disease
Influenza ( H1N1 is swine flu,
H5N1 is bird flu), common
cold, mononucleosis, polio,
chicken pox, small pox, yellow
fever, viral meningitis, ebola,
zika and AIDS.
Other diseases
Elephantiasis-parasitic worm
malaria-protists plasmodium vivax),
giardia(gee ahr dee uh) protists
amoebic dysentery- protists
athletes foot-fungus
ring worm-fungus
Elephantiasis-parasitic
worm-protists
Elephantiasis
AIDS Virus
Passed on through unprotected
sex, bodily fluids, shared
needles, blood transfusions,
pregnancy. It is a RNA virus.
No known cure.
HIV
Diphtheria
Bubonic Plague
Influenza Virus
Takes on new shapes (mutates)
quickly. Very hard to keep up
with producing flu shots
because of this changing shape.
H1N1 Swine Flu
Spanish Flu 1918
FLU Virus
Hepatitis Virus
Hepatitis
Polio Virus
Attacks the bodies joints and
muscles. Thought to be
eradicated but is beginning to
show up in third world
countries again. RNA virus
Polio
Attacks legs and joints
Iron lung
Chicken Pox Virus
No actual cure. Highly
contagious. Vaccination is
best defense. Possible brain
and liver damage if fever is too
high in very young- called
Reyes disease.
Chicken Pox
Mumps
Mumps
Small Pox Virus
No drugs currently available to
treat it. Vaccination is the best
defense. Highly contagious
and passed through the air.
Small Pox
Yellow Fever Virus
Causes liver damage.
Jaundice or turning slightly
yellow. RNA virus.
Vaccination is best defense.
Small Pox
Rabies Virus
Nearly always fatal unless
treated very soon after exposed.
Vaccine is best defense.
Treatment is a series of very
painful shots over a 14 day period.
Rabies
West Nile Virus
Ebola Virus
Lymes Disease-Bacteria
Caused by three types of
bacteria passed on by ticks
Lymes Disease
Bacterial Meningitis
The sack around the brain and
spinal cord swells. Can be
fatal if not treated in a timely
basis. Very young are more at
risk of fatality.
Bacterial Meningitis
Leprosy-Bacterial
Leprosy
Rocky Mountain
Spotted Fever
Bacteria Rickettsia.
Potentially fatal if not
treated. Deer tick is the
vector
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Typhoid Fever-Bacterial
Water or food contaminated
with feces.
Typhoid Fever
Tuberculosis-Bacterial
Disease of the lungs. Highly contagious.
Passed through the air. Possible new
vaccine in the trial stages.
Malaria-Protists
• Passed on by the Anopheles mosquito
(the vector). Grows to maturity in the
human liver.
Toxoplasmosis-bacterial
•Disease from handling
infected cat feces.
Infects unborn child.
Toxoplasmosis
Zika-virus
A virus that is passes to
humans from Aedes
mosquito. Causes
deformed, smaller heads in
new born babies.
Zika
Sexual Transmitted Diseases
Syphilis, Genital Herpes,
Gonorrhea, HIV, AIDS.
Diseases we get are
sometimes from bad choices.
Some are deadly choices.
Life Choices
• Obesity-eat too much or exercise
too little
• High blood pressure- obesity,
salts, fats
• Liver Cirrhosis- alcohol
• Drugs- cocaine, heroin,
marijuana, PCP, LSD
Life Choices
Tobacco- cigarette smoke is full of
carcinogens. Even low tar or light cigarettes are
full of carcinogens. Chewing tobacco is also a
carcinogen. Many cigar smokers think they
improve their chances by not inhaling (still full
of carcinogens). Not using tobacco in any
form is best for your health. Never smoke
the first one an you will never get hooked. Also
a very expensive habit or addiction (almost $5
a pack and going higher).
Smokers lung vs Healthy lung
Alcohol
One of the most most abused drugs
on the world. Excessive drinking
can cause liver cirrhosis, damaged
family life, drunk driving putting
others at risk, and is an expensive
habit.
Cirrhosis liver vs Healthy liver
Obesity