Transcript Biotechnology manipulates living things to make useful products.

Biotechnology manipulates living things to make
useful products.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OcG9q9cPqm4 4:41 “The Invisible Revolution” biotechnology
1. What are the “ethical” issues?
2. How do each affect the economy?
3. What affect does biotechnology have
on careers that are available?
- Agriculture
- Medicine
- Energy
- Industry/manufacturing
- Environment
- Careers
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•Aspects of biotechnology include:
-
specific genetic information available
careers
ethical issues
implications for agriculture
economic benefits to North Carolina
Examples: Circle each one on your study guide.
•Crossbreeding
•Selective Breeding
•Genetic Modification
•Cloning
•Bioremediation
Three Basic Kinds of Biotechnology Tools
1. Working with Cells:
- stem cells
2. Working with Proteins
- protein coat on cells
3. Working with Genes
- genetic engineering
Crossbreeding: two different kinds/breeds of organisms are bred
together
Examples:
Tiger
+
Lion
Liger (infertile)
Donkey
+
Horse
A donkey and a horse will produce offspring called a ___________.
Mule (infertile)
What are the advantages and disadvantages of cross breeding?
Selective Breeding: the intentional mating of
organisms to produce offspring with specific traits
• Examples:
• cows that have been observed producing large
volumes of milk;
• breeding to pass traits on to ensuing
generations have similar traits
• race horses bred for speed, distance
• dogs bred for particular traits (color, size,
temperament, hypoallergenic)
Selective Breeding in Dogs
•
The Australian Dinghound
•
Originated in New Zealand, these dogs
were used to herd sheep. They were
brought to Australia in 1857 by Sir Sidney
Melbourne. The Australians, not needing
another breed of shepherd dog, bred the
dogs with wild Dingoes.
•
The result was a new breed of large
shaggy black dogs with unusual spotted
markings. The Australians used the new
breed to guard houses.
•
Dinghounds proved valuable as watchdogs
because of their ability to sense danger as
well as insincerity.
What advantages are there to selective
breeding?
Selective Breeding: Wolf Ancestors
What are the advantages and disadvantages of selective breeding?
Genetic Modification: changes the genetic
material of a living organism
• Medicines
• Treatment of
Diseases
• Vegetables
• Fruits
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cPa8Vxqvkn0
spider and sheep
Ethical Issues
Put these examples in your notebook. 
What are some of the advantages of GM
foods?
Pest resistance (insecticides)
Herbicide tolerance
Disease resistance
Cold tolerance (see WXII news segment)
http://www.wxii12.com/news/local-news/piedmont/farmers-perpare-for-jack-frost/-/10703612/22599854/-/1034po8//index.html?absolute=true
Drought tolerance/salinity tolerance
Nutrition
Continued: Advantages of GM Products
•
Pharmaceuticals: edible vaccines in
tomatoes and potatoes; much easier to ship,
store and administer than traditional
injectable vaccines.
•
Phytoremediation: Plants such as poplar
trees have been genetically engineered to
clean up heavy metal pollution.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of genetic modifications?
What do you think? Pros & Cons of GM Foods
GM Foods In U.S.
-
Corn
Soy bean
Sugar cane
Tomatoes
Potato
Sweet Potatoes
-
Strawberries
Zucchini
Pineapples
Cocoa Beans
Yellow Squash
Bananas
Genetically modified cows can produce lactose free milk.
Cloning: three types of cloning
technologies are:
(This information will not be on your test. )
(1) recombinant DNA technology or DNA
cloning
(2) reproductive cloning
(3) therapeutic cloning (embryo cloning)
What are the ethical Issues?
(1) recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning
(This information will not be on your test. )
• transfer of a DNA fragment of interest from one
organism to a self-replicating genetic element
such as a bacterial plasmid
• DNA of interest can then be reproduced in a
foreign host cell
What are the ethical Issues?
(2) reproductive cloning
(This information will not be on your test. )
• Dolly, the first mammal to be
cloned from adult DNA, died
at age 6.
• Dolly or any other animal
created using nuclear
transfer technology is not
truly an identical clone of the
donor animal.
• Dolly was only one success
out of 276 tries.
(This information will not be on your test. )
- used to generate an animal that has the same
nuclear DNA as another currently or previously
existing animal.
- The reconstructed egg containing the DNA from a
donor cell must be treated with chemicals or
electric
current in order to stimulate cell division.
- Once the cloned embryo reaches a suitable stage,
it
is transferred to the uterus of a female host
where it
continues to develop until birth.
What are the ethical Issues?
(3) therapeutic cloning (embryo cloning)
(This information will not be on your test. )
- goal is not to create cloned human beings, but rather to harvest
stem cells that can be used to study human development and to
treat disease.
- Stem cells are important to biomedical researchers because they
can be used to generate virtually any type of specialized cell in the
human body.
- Many researchers hope that one day stem cells can be used to
serve as replacement cells to treat heart disease, Alzheimer's,
cancer, and other diseases.
What are the ethical Issues?
Biotechnology Applications to the Environment
Bioremediation: the completely safe and natural process of cleaning up
organic contaminants through the use of microbes (i.e. bacteria).
Sewage spills
Gasoline contamination
Oil spills
Toxic waste spills
Bioremediation
Bioremediation Before and After
Biotechnology & Energy
• Biomass fuels:
- eliminates harmful emissions
- renewable source of energy
- reduces our dependency on fossil
fuels and other countries that
supply
them
- fewer contaminants enter
waterways
Duke Energy & Duke University: methane project