Transcript A review of cases - classicalcivilisationinkent

A review of cases
What are declensions?
A declension is really just a big word for a group.
Each declension has its own pattern of case
endings. This means that it’s important to know
what declension a noun belongs to; that way you
know what pattern of endings to expect.
So what are the cases?
As mentioned there are six cases in total. These are:
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Nominative
Vocative
Accusative
Genitive
Dative
Ablative
The cases will always be listed in this order if you want to
look them up in the back of the book.
A way of remembering the order of
cases
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Never (Nom)
Vomit (Voc)
After (Acc)
Gobbling (Gen)
Down (Dat)
Apples (Abl)
Nominative
The Nominative is case is primarily used for the SUBJECT
of the sentence. i.e. the person or thing who is doing
something in the sentence.
The dog is eating the dinner.
canis cenam consumit.
Nominative because he is
performing the action of the
verb
Vocative
The vocative cased is used when addressing someone or
something.
Example
‘Oh dogs you are beautiful’
‘O canes pulchri estis’
Vocative
Accusative
The Accusative case is used primarily for the Object of the
sentence. i.e. the person or thing who is having
something done to them.
Example
The boy carries the dog
puer canem portat
The dog is accusative
because it is being
carried. In the
sentence it is not doing
anything.
Genitive
The primary use of the Genitive case is for possession or
saying who something belongs to. Often translated using
the word of
Example
The home of the dog
domus canis
Here the
genitive is
used because
the it is the
dog’s home.
Dative
The primary use of the dative case is when something is
being given to someone or when something is done for
someone.
Examples:
He gave a gift to the dog.
donum cani dedit
He bought a present for the dog
donum cani emit.
Ablative
The Ablative is primarily translated by adding the words by,
with or from
Examples
I was greeted by the dog
cane salutata est
I walked with the dog
cane ambulavi
I ran from the dog.
cane cucurrit.
Quick Quiz
Write down the uses of all six cases on a
rough piece of paper.
Starting now you have until this slide
changes….
So what are the endings?
Nominative
1st
2nd
3rd
declension declension declension
Singular
-a
-us
-?
Plural
-ae
-i
-es
Vocative
1st
2nd
3rd
declension declension declension
Singular
-a
-e
-?
Plural
-ae
-i
-es
Accusative
1st
2nd
3rd
declension declension declension
Singular
-am
-um
-em
Plural
-as
-os
-es
Genitive
1st
2nd
3rd
declension declension declension
Singular
-ae
-i
-is
Plural
-arum
-orum
-(i)um
Dative
1st
2nd
3rd
declension declension declension
Singular
-ae
-o
-i
Plural
-is
-is
-ibus
Ablative
1st
2nd
3rd
declension declension declension
Singular
-a
-o
-e
Plural
-is
-is
-ibus
A reminder
There is no easy way round the fact that
different cases have different endings.
You just have to learn them.
Part of your prep is to learn the endings of
the first three declensions (puella, servus
and mercator p114)
Some Simple Sentences
To get you thinking about case endings here
are some simple sentences to translate
INTO LATIN. In each case I have given
you the vocabulary (all nouns are in the
nominative singular) you just need to
change the endings so that they have the
correct case ending…
You do not need to do anything to the verbs.
Sentences
1.
The boy greets the girl (puer, puella, salutat)
2.
The slaves give the money to the master (servus, dant, pecunia,
dominus)
3.
The merchant dines with friends (mercator, cenat, amicus)
4.
The slave’s tunic (servus, tunica)
5.
The girls sing for the merchants (puella, cantant, mercator)
Answers
1. puer puellam salutat.
2. servi pecuniam domino dant.
3. mercator (cum) amicis cenat.
4. tunica servi.
5. puellae mercatoribus cantant.