Transcript Women`s Health

Lifestyle
Management
at
Different Stages
of
Life
by
Dr Geeta Asthana
• Role of care,
cure and
self sufficiency
‘ Where care fails, the
search for a cure
begins.’
• “Control” is the appropriate
lifestyle requirement to
maintain health, given our
genes, predispositions and
environmental conditions.
Health at 20’s
• The best years of our
lives. It's time to have
fun and explore. It's
also time to develop
some healthy habits.
Sex Matters
Male/Female Birth Control Methods
Common Sexually Transmitted
Diseases
Staying Fit
Abdominal Exercises
Your Mind
Eating Disorder Warning Signs
Health at 30’s
•
30 is SOMETHING. Life, work,
and family all come into play
here. Why not take a few simple
steps to ensure your health and
your family's health and wellbeing!
Healthy Pregnancy:
Seeing Your Doctor Before You Get
Pregnant
Planning a Healthy Pregnancy
Staying Fit:
Weight Training
Your Mind:
You are wound like a clock, you rush everywhere,
your boss is demanding, your kids are fighting, your
spouse isn't listening, and you're about to kick the
dog. Time out. You need a retreat.
Do You Need a Retreat?
One Minute Retreat
Yoga:
Uniting mind body and spirit
Yawn, just yawn. This retreat is for relaxation.
Yawning increases the amount of oxygen in your
system, and Scientologists think it helps to shift
your level of consciousness.
Health at 40’s
• The 40s can be the best decade as you
settle in to your life. Make the most of
these years by maintaining a healthy
and active lifestyle.
• Key points
• Cholesterol
• Hypertension
• Exercise
• Nutrition
• Smoking
• Menopace
What is Cholesterol?
• Cholesterol is a soft, fat-like
substance that is found
naturally in all of your body's
cells. It plays an important part
in building healthy cells.
• Cholesterol in the right quantity
is not harmful. In fact it has
many vital functions like
formation of certain hormones
and tissue.
Where Does Cholesterol
Come From?
Li
v Large Intestine
er
Small Intestine
Animal fats
Milk, Egg Yoke,
Cheese, Butter
How is cholesterol
transported
Cholesterol is transported through
lipoproteins in the blood
Types of cholesterol
VLDL (Very Low Density Lipoprotein)
LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein)
HDL (High Density Lipoprotein)
VLDL
• VLDL mainly contains
triglycerides (TG Fats) mostly
derived from the food we eat.
LDL – Bad Cholesterol
• It carries most of the
cholesterol in your blood.
• High levels of LDL lead to
blockage of arteries.
HDL – Good Cholesterol
• As it removes excess of
cholesterol from the blood
vessels thus prevents the
hardening of arteries and
protects your heart.
• For healthy heart, It is desirable
to have LDL/HDL ratio of 2:1 in
the blood.
How Does Cholesterol
Cause Problems?
• If too much LDL-cholesterol is in the
blood, it can slowly build up on the
inner walls of the blood vessels.
• It can clog an artery like grease
clogs your kitchen sink drain.
• If the clogged artery happens to be
in your heart, it can lead to a heart
attack. If the clogged artery is in
your brain, it may cause a stroke.
What Factors Increase the Risk of
Heart Attack?
• Factors You Can't Control
• Sex and Age (Male or those over 55)
• Family history of heart attack at an early
age
• Race (higher risk among Indians)
• Factors You Can Control
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Smoking
High Cholesterol
High Blood Pressure
Physical Inactivity
Obesity
Diabetes
Inability to handle stress
How Do I Find Out If I
Have A Problem With My
Cholesterol?
• By a simple blood test called
Lipid Profile.
What Do My Test Results
Mean?
• Desirable
•
•
•
•
TC < 190 mg per dl
LDL<
130 mg per dl
HDL >= 35 mg per dl *
TG <
200 mg per dl
•
•
•
•
TC <
LDL<
HDL
TG <
•
•
•
•
TC >= 240 mg per dl
LDL>= 160 mg per dl
HDL<
35 mg per dl *
TG >= 400 mg per dl
 Border Line High Risk
• High Risk
190 –239 mg per dl
130 -159 mg per dl
200 - 399 mg per dl
How Can I Improve My
LDL-Cholesterol Level?
• Follow a low fat, low cholesterol diet. To lower
your dietary intake of fat you might try the
following:
• Reduce saturated fat in your diet. Saturated fat
is found in butter, whole milk, cheese, ice
cream, red meat, palm oil, and coconut oil to
name a few.
• Avoid organ meats (liver, brains, and kidney).
• Use a more vegetarian style of eating. Eat more
fruits, vegetables, and whole grains (bread, rice,
pasta) in place of fatty meats and bakery goods.
How Do I Improve My
HDL-Cholesterol?
• Physical activity, for example aerobic
exercise for 30 minutes 3 or 4 times per
week may raise the HDL-cholesterol. *
• For best results (LDL/HDL ratio) one needs to
develop a life-style that includes both a low
fat diet and an ongoing exercise program
that you enjoy.
• Tips
• Mediterranean diet – enriched with fruits,
vegetables, whole grains, olive oil and
legumes
• Increase fish and reduce carbohydrate
• Quit smoking – HDL may increase 15-20%
• Wines 2-6 Ounces with evening meals
What If Changing My
Diet and Exercising Isn't
Enough?
• If your doctor has decided
that your cholesterol is not
adequately being controlled,
he/she may recommend
medication. *
Normal blood vessel
Deposition of
‘bad cholesterol’
Increased deposition
of ‘bad cholesterol’
This is known as atherosclerosis
Blood Pressure
• High blood pressure, if left
untreated, is a hidden time bomb
waiting to explode. *
• Between one-fourth and one- third of
adults in the U.S. have high blood
pressure. Nearly one- half of the
people with high blood pressure
don't even know they have it.
• Only about 11 percent of people with
high blood pressure have their blood
pressure under control.
HEART AT WORK
What Is Blood Pressure
• As your heart beats (contracts) it squeezes
blood into the arteries and creates
pressure in them. This pressure (blood
pressure) causes the blood to flow to all
parts of the body. When the heart pumps
blood into arteries and the pressure
increases. When heart rests between
beats your pressure decreases.
• Blood pressure normally goes up and down
depending on your activity and emotions.
• When your blood pressure is taken, the
upper number (systolic) is heart
contracting. The lower number (diastolic)
is your heart the resting.
Blood Pressure Readings and
Categories
Category
Systolic
Diastolic
Hypertension
Systolic
Diastolic
Optima Below
l (best) 120
Below
80
Stage 1
(mild)
140159
90-99
Normal 120129
80-84
Stage II
(moderate)
160179
100109
High
130Normal 139
85-89
Stage III
(Severe)
180209
110119
High
Over
90
Stage IV
(Very
Severe)
>=210
>=120
Over
140
Why Should I Worry?
• Blood pressure that goes up and
stays up all the time is known as
high blood pressure or hypertension.
• It causes your heart to overwork and
results in damage to your arteries.
• It is one of the BIG THREE (along
with smoking and high cholesterol)
risk factors for heart disease.
• Hypertension speeds the clogging of
the arteries and is the biggest risk
factor for strokes.
• It also increases the risks for kidney
disease.
What Factors Increase Your
Risk?
•
•
•
Factors You Can't Control
• Heredity or Family History
• Age - Over 35
• Sex - Men are more at risk if under 65; after 65 sex is not a
factor
• Race - Indians are more at risk
• Medical History - of diabetes or kidney disease
• Pregnancy
Factors You Can Control
• Obesity
• Eating too much salt
• Alcohol consumption of more than 2 drinks per day
• Physical inactivity
• Inability to control stress
• Smoking or use of tobacco
• Birth Control Pills
If you have any of the risk factors listed and don't know your
blood pressure, please have it checked by a professional.
Preventive Measures
• Stop smoking or any use of tobacco
• Lose weight, if necessary
• Participate in regular, moderate physical
activity
• Keep alcohol intake low
• Use salt in moderation *
• Eat a healthy, low-fat diet high in
potassium rich foods (i.e. apples,
carrots, broccoli, etc.)
Do I Need Medicine?
• Doctors often use a three to six
month trial of diet and exercise for
initial treatment in case of mild
hypertension.
• If your doctor decides that you need
medicine to help lower your blood
pressure, follow those directions
exactly.
• Medicine is a need and not a habit. *
PREVALENCE OF HEART DISEASES IN INDIANS
14
12
10
8
Indians
Others
6
4
2
0
Africa
U.S.A.
India
Others
What is Exercise?
• Exercise can be defined as
any activity that raises your
heart rate and works the
large muscle groups (like
the legs).
Why Should I Care
About Exercise?
• Lack of exercise plays a large role as high
blood pressure, high cholesterol or smoking
in the development of heart disease.
• Some of the health benefits of exercise
include:
• weight control
• improves self esteem *
• strengthens bones, joints, muscles* & lowers the
risk of osteoporosis and arthritis
• decreases stress
• increases heart and lung strength
• reduces deadly cholesterol and other fats
• increases HDL ("good" cholesterol) and prevents
heart disease
Aerobic exercise
• Any exercise that is done for about
15 minutes or longer, raises your
heart rate to a "target level" during
that time, and uses large muscle
groups (like your arms or legs). The
more consistent your efforts at
exercise, the greater the benefits.
• You don't have to be an athlete to
enjoy the benefits of aerobic
exercise. You can wash the car or
vacuum the house. You can go
swimming, biking, or dancing.
Select an activity you enjoy.
What is Anaerobic
Exercise?
• When you exercise very hard,
you raise your heart rate higher
than the target level.
• This activity is usually difficult
to continue for very long.
Heart Rate
Age
Target Heart
Rate (Beats /
Min.)
Maximum
Heart Rate
(Average)
20
25
30
120 - 150
117 - 146
114 - 142
200
195
190
35
40
45
111 - 138
108 - 135
105 - 131
185
180
175
50
55
60
102 - 127
99 - 123
96 - 120
170
165
160
65
70
93 - 123
90 - 120
155
150
Recommendations for
Fitness
• The American College of Sports
Medicine makes the following
recommendations for quality and
quantity of training for developing
and maintaining fitness:
• Frequency: 3-5 days per week
• Intensity: 60% to 90% of maximum heart
rate
• Duration: 15 to 60 minutes of continuous
aerobic activity. Lower to moderate
intensity of longer duration is better for
the non- athletic adult.
• Mode: Any activity that uses large
muscle groups that can be maintained
continuously and aerobic in nature.
How to Get Started: Things to
Consider
• Health and physical ability
• Interests and type of activities
you enjoy
• Competence in doing the activity
• Can access the activity on
regular basis
• What is needed to do the
exercise you choose. (gym,
equipment, courts, showers and
cost)
• Weather conditions
• Time involved
How to Get Started: Do I Have
to Get a Physical Exam?
• Men over the age of 45 years and Women
over the age of 50 years and who are not
used to regular exercise should probably
have a physical examination before they
begin their exercise program.
• Other conditions that may indicate that
you need a physical examination are:
• heart disease, condition or previous heart attack
• pain or pressure in your chest, neck or shoulder
• bone or joint problems
How to Get Started:
Set Some Goals
• Start small *
• It is not the day or the week that
matters as much as the years and
the decades of regular exercise.
• Too busy at work? *
Examples of Exercise
• Light (less than 280 calories per hour)
• walking less than 2 m.p.h.
• cycling (stationary)
• golf using a power cart
• home chores (vacuuming)
• Moderate (280-420 calories per hour)
• walking quickly (3-4 m.p.h.)
• outdoor cycling (10 m.p.h.)
• table tennis
• golf pulling a cart or carrying clubs
• house cleaning
• Hard/Vigorous (420 or more calories per
hour)
• walking quickly uphill or with a load
• cycling quickly (more than 10 m.p.h.)
• racket sports: singles tennis or racquet
ball
• moving furniture
Nutrition- Dietary
Guidelines
• Carbohydrates: bread, cereal, rice, pasta, grains
• Proteins: beans, nuts, beef, pork, fish, chicken,
eggs, milk, etc.
• Fats: divided into • Saturated: associated with increasing blood
cholesterol levels and heart disease-- found in
animal fat, coconut oil, palm oil, and cocoa butter
• Unsaturated: does not effect blood cholesterol,
e.g. Sun Flower, Cornola, Sufola, Peanut Oil.
• Vitamins: divided into:
• Fat-soluble (A, D, E, and K)- requires fat to
make it usable by the cells
• Water-soluble (B group and C)- requires water,
not fat , to make it usable by the cells
• Minerals: i.e. calcium, iron, zinc, etc.
• Water
Daily requirement of calories 1500-2000
Eat healthy to stay healthy
•
Have a balanced diet
•
Should we eliminate fat completely ?
•
Cooking Media
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
55% Carbohydrate
25% Protein
20% Fat
Nuts, fruits, vegetables and whole grains can each reduce risk of
C.V.D. by 15% to 45%
Brain recognizes fat as the only nutrition
Vitamin A, D and K require Fat
Fat are required for quality sperm production
Liquid fats are better than solid
15 ml / per head per day
Mixed and match oils
Occasional ghee is permissible
Sesame
Soybean
Corn
Olive Oil
Mustard Oil
Cooking Media
Canola
Sun Flower
With Olive oil coronary artillery disease is least
Latest trend is to rotate the media every 2/3 months
Eat healthy to stay healthy
• Avoid too much of salt to give longer
life to your heart.
• Do not overeat, have small meals 5-6
times a day at a fixed interval. This
will help in keeping you a check on
your weight. Eat slowly do not rush
through your meals.
Eat healthy to stay healthy
Eat more fresh vegetable,
especially, green and
leafy,
e.g.
cabbage,
cauliflower and broccoli
to lower the risk of lung,
stomach
and
other
cancers. Recommended
½ serving per day.
Eat healthy to stay healthy
Spinach and mustard greens
contain lutein and zeaxanthin
phyto chemicals that may protect
your eyes as you get older
(Macular degeneration a leading
cause
of
blindness).
Recommended 5-6 serving per
week.
Eat healthy to stay healthy
•Tomatoes contain lycopene
• prevents prostate, lung
and stomach cancer
• lowers the risk of heart
disease.
• Other sources of lycopene
are apricots, water melon and
papaya.
• Recommended 5-6 serving
per week.
Add more high fiber food in diet …
Eat healthy to stay healthy
• To lower your cholesterol try one or more
cloves a day chopped or crushed.
• Tea alone is found to be rich in anti-oxidants
and flavonoids is associated with a reduced risk
of C.V.D. but with the additional of milk
beneficial effects of tea are neutralized.
• Drinking coffee does not increase the risk of
heart diseases but consumption of large
amounts of unfiltered coffee increases total
cholesterol level.
SOYA BEAN AND SOYA PRODUCTS
• It is the perfect health food for Indians soya
bean offers a balanced diet and keeps life
threatening ailments away
• Prevents heart disease
• Prevents cancer : specially breast and
prostate
• Fights osteoporosis
• Reduces diabetes
• Soya is available in forms such as oil ,flour
,tofu , sauces, nuts and beverages
Eat healthy to stay healthy
• Vitamin A, C, E, B6, B12,
selenium, and Folic acid not
only protect your body against
Cancer but also act as anti
oxidant and boost your
immunity system.
Natural sources of anti-oxidants vitamins and minerals
Vitamin/Mineral- sources
Significance
A Mango, carrots, tomato juice, sweet
potatoes, pumpkin, beef liver
A fat soluble vitamin which fights free
radicals and boosts immune response.
C Spinach, tomato juice, mango, orange,
grapefruit juice, strawberries
One of the most essential water soluble antioxidant. It reacts with and inactivates free
radicals in plasma and extra cellular fluid
E Polyunsaturated plant oils, wheat germ,
sunflower seeds, sweet potatoes, cod
The most effective lipid soluble antioxidant.
It acts as a free radical scavenger.
Selenium Seafood, meats, grain
Helps in activating a natural anti-oxidant
enzyme of the body.
B6 Bananas, watermelons, tomato juice,
spinach, potatoes, white rice, chicken
breast
Lowers levels of plasma homo cysteiene.
Helps in reducing the clogging of the
arteries.
B12 Meats, poultry, fish, milk, eggs,
shellfish
Folic acid Tomato juice, green beans,
spinach, lady’s finger, lentils
Importance of Calcium
• If we look at peak bone mass in women -the time our bones are strongest -- we
peak at about age 35.
• After this age, we start to lose bone. At
menopause, if we do not intervene, this
loss accelerates significantly.
• Bone strength comes from calcium, and
we need about 1000 mg a day.
• The richest sources of calcium are dairy
products. Low fat products are just as
good as full fat for your calcium intake
(and better for your heart!).
Do I Get Rewards?
• Sure! Rewards that last a
lifetime!
• You will have
• more energy,
• fewer infections,
• less negative response to
stress,
• quicker healing rate,
• and feel better overall both
mentally and physically.
Don't forget your body's need
for water.
• Your body’s requirement for
water are second only to air.*
• Drink lot of water so that your
cells will thank you as they like
to be made up of 50% water.
• Benefits
• the kidney remains flushed.
• It helps in reducing constipation.
• Keeps skin, moist, supple and tight.
Overview Fats
• Saturated fats:
• Completely saturated; “villain” of fats
• High fat dairy products, meats, chocolate, butter, coconut
oil
• Raises blood cholesterol
• Trans fats:
• produced when liquid oil is made into a solid fat through
hydrogenation
• Act like saturated fats
• Found in processed foods (Samosa, Kachori, Puri, chips),
baked goods (cookies, muffins), margarine
•
Unsaturated Fats
• Monounsaturated fat
• Olive oil, canola oil, peanut oil
• Polyunsaturated fat
• safflower oil, sunflower oil, fish oil
• Essential Fatty Acids
Essential Fatty Acids [EFAs]
• Necessary fats humans cannot
synthesize
• Must be obtained through diet
• There are three families of EFAs:
Omega-3, Omega-6, and Omega-9
• EFAs support the cardiovascular,
reproductive, immune, and nervous
systems
Omega 3 vs. Omega 6 Fatty Acids
•
•
Omega-3 Fatty Acids:
• EPA (eiocosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic
acid)
• Found primarily in fatty fish: fresh tuna, salmon, mackerel
• ALA (alpha-linolenic acid)
• Green leafy vegetables,
• flaxseed,
• some vegetable oils (canola, Soy and Olive), Walnut
• Body can convert ALA to DHA or EPA
Omega-6 Fatty Acids: Linoleic Acid
• Corn oil, eggs [chicken fed on insects and grass], seeds, milk
• legumes [Peas, peanuts, Soy Seeds]
The cardiologist's diet:
If it tastes good, spit it out.
~Author Unknown
Foods high in Omega 3
Fatty Acids
•
•
•
•
•
Fish
Walnuts
Flax meal
Canola oil
Soy foods and oil
He that takes medicine and neglects diet, wastes the skill of the physician.
Finding an Appropriate
Balance
• Importance of balancing ratio Omega-3: Omega-6
fatty acids
• Most people on traditional diet consume LOTS
Omega-6 fatty acids
• Inappropriate balance contributes to development
of disease
• Healthy diet = 2-4 times more Omega-6 than
Omega-3
Health Benefits Omega-3
Fatty Acids
• Stroke/Heart
• Diabetes
• Depression
• Other Mental
Illness
• Weight loss
• Arthritis
• Osteoporosi
s
• Cancer
• Alzheimer’s
Recommendations
• Patients with CHD, about 1g of EPA+DHA
per day
• Capsules
[EPA+DHA/g]
Low Potency - 300 mg
High Potency - 500-700 mg
(CardioTabs, Triomega, OmegaRx)
Pharmaceutical – 850 mg
(Omacor, Reliant Pharmaceuticals)
• Cod Liver Oil
• 1 tsp (RDA for Vit. D; 2x RDA Vit. A)
What is Obesity?
• Obesity is defined as an increase
in body weight beyond what is
necessary for health and is
usually the result of excessive
accumulation of fat in the body.
What is OBESITY?
Ideal weight for age
Height in cm – 100 = ideal
weight in Kg
> 20% of ideal weight
Imbalance between the Two
main components of Wt.
Balance; Energy Intake and
Energy Output
What is OBESITY ?
Body mass index (BMI)
Weight in Kilograms
Height in meters squared
What is OBESITY ?
WAIST HIP RATIO
Circumference of Waist
Circumference of Hip
Obesity in man >1.0
Obesity in woman >0.8
‘Apple – shaped’ body morphology
‘Pear – shaped’ body morphology
Let's Look at the
Numbers
• Obesity is rated by the body weight
percent (%) over normal, and the
health risks involved.
• 20%-40% over normal is considered
mild;
• 41%-100% over normal is considered
moderate;
• and more than 100% (>2X) over normal
body weight carries the most severe
health risks.
Android
Gynoid
Standard Height and Weight for Indian Men and Women
Height
Men
Women
Cm
Ft
Kgs
Lbs
Kgs
Lbs
& in
152
5’ 0”
50.8 - 54.4
112 - 120
154
5’ 1”
51.7 - 55.3
114 - 122
157
5’ 2”
57.3 - 60.3
124 - 133
53.1 - 56.7
117 - 125
159
5’3”
58.1 - 61.9
127 - 136
54.4 - 58.1
120 - 128
162
5’4”
58.9 – 63.5
130 - 140
56.3 - 59.9
124 - 132
165
5’5”
60.8 - 65.3
134 - 144
57.6 – 61.2
127 - 135
167
5’ 6”
62.2 - 66.7
137 - 144
58.9 - 63.5
130 - 140
177
5’ 7”
64.0 - 68.5
141 - 151
60.8 - 66.3
134 – 144
172
5’ 8”
65.8 - 70.8
145 - 156
62.2 - 66.7
137 – 147
175
5’ 9”
67.6 - 72.6
149 - 160
64.0 - 68.5
141 – 151
177
5’ 10”
69.4 - 74.4
153 -
164
65.8 - 70.3
145 - 155
180
5’ 11”
71.2 - 76.2
157 - 168
67.1 - 71.7
148 – 168
182
6’ 0”
73.0 - 78.5
161 - 173
68.5 - 73.9
151 – 163
185
6’ 1”
75.3 - 80.7
166 - 178
187
6’.2”
77.6 - 83.5
171 -
190
6’ 3”
79.8 - 85.7
176 - 189
184
What Causes Obesity?
• The vast majority of obesity is
caused by eating more than we
need to supply the normal energy
requirements of our bodies.
• Those who put on weight as adults
are increasing the size of their fat
cells, but not the number.
• Those who begin to be obese in
childhood increase both the size
and number of fat cells in their
body.
• The number of fat cells cannot be
reduced, however, the size of fat
cells decreases with weight loss.
Reasons
• For a very few people there are
other reasons for obesity. These
include
• metabolic disorders,
• endocrine and hormonal
disorders, and
• some forms of brain injury.
• There are also medications that
have the side effect of weight gain.
Such as,
• antidepressants, antihistamines,
blood-pressure medication, and
Are there Other
Reasons for Obesity?
• Simply, yes! Genetics and
environment play a part.
• Economics and education also
can effect how and what we
eat. *
• Stress, depression and low selfesteem may also be involved.
Additional factors …
• Males are automatically at
higher risk due to their lack of
estrogen.
• Those who get no exercise or
who smoke are at greater risk.
• If you already have high blood
pressure, high blood
cholesterol, heart disease or
diabetes, our overall health risk
is increased even more.
Weigh the Risks
Obesity is more than a Cosmetic Problem; It
is a health hazard
Diabetes mellitus
Hypertension
Coronary Heart Disease
Stroke
Cancer (Colon, rectum, Prostate)
 mortality; 20% in men. 10% in women
Mechanical effects of the mass of extra tissue
on function of various organs & systems
Weigh the Risks
Gall bladder disease and gallstones
Liver disease
Osteo arthritis
Gout
Pulmonary (breathing) problems
PICKWIAN SYNDROME
Reproductive problem in women,
including menstrual irregularities and
infertility
Psychological and Social effects
Emotional suffering , feels unattractive,
feeling of rejection, shame or depression
Prevention and Treatment
Basic Principles
Match intake of energy (calories) to
overall energy needs, Limit
consumption of foods with a highcalorie density and / or low nutritional
quality, including those with a high
content of sugars
Maintain a level of physical activity that
achieves fitness and balance energy
expenditure with energy intake; for
weight reduction, expenditure should
exceed intake
Treatment For Obesity
Diet
Exercise
Psychotherapy
Behavioural Modification
Alternate Therapy
Pharmacology
Surgery
QUIT
SMOKING !
Smoking is a disease
“Nicotine is the most dangerous
addictive drug of choice. The
highest single cause of death is
tobacco
which
will
world-wide
related
kill
than
diseases,
more
any
people
other
single cause by the year 2030”
LINDA FERRY
Tobacco
abuse
AIDS
+
Alcohol
abuse +
Other drug
use +
Homicide +
Suicide +
Motor vehicle
accidents +
Fires
combined
NICOTINE
PROPERTIES
THAT
CONTRIBUTE TO ITS ADDICTION
1. Pleasure, relaxation
2. Arousal
3. Increase attention
4. Facilitate working memory and learning
5. Cope with feelings of tension, anxiety
6. Decrease food consumption and metabolism in both
humans and animals.
Smoking is Addictive
Nicotine reaches brain
Stimulates release of two chemicals
A smoker smokes
a cigarette
Dopamine
‘Good’
feeling
Noradrenaline
Alertness &
energy
The Vicious Cycle of Smoking
When one stops
smoking
Lights another Cigarette
Dopamine, NA
Relief from
•Withdrawal symptoms
•the pleasure again
•Withdrawal symptoms
•Lack of pleasure
Thus, ADDICTING the smoker to the Cigarette
TOBACCO
IN
INDIA
THERE ARE 240 MILLION
TOBACCO USERS IN
INDIA – 194 MILLION MEN
AND
45 MILLION WOMEN USE
TOBACCO IN SMOKED
AND SMOKELESS FORMS
IN INDIA
INGREDIENTS
OF
CIGARETTES
Cigarette - “A dirty syringe”
Nicotine
Carbon
Monoxide
Tar
Cadmium
Acetone
Arsenic
Hydrogen
Cyanide
Each puff has more than
4,000 chemicals + 40 cancer causing substances
ACUTE ILL-EFFECTS OF SMOKING
• Shortness of breath
• Worsening of asthma
• Impotence
• Infertility
• Increased serum carbon
monoxide levels
• Greater absenteeism from work
• More bedridden days or days of
restricted activity.
THE HEALTH RISKS OF CIGARETTE SMOKING
Stroke
Cancers of the mouth,
throat and oesophagus
Cancers of the larynx
Coronary heart disease
Chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease
Lung cancer
Pancreatic cancer
Ulcer
Bladder cancer
Cervical cancer
Low birth weight baby
Peripheral artery disease
Normal Lung
Smoker’s Lung
Above:Abdominal Aorta in Non-Smoker
Below:Abdominal Aorta in Smoker
Smoking leads to
Gangrene
&
Limb
amputation
According to the World Health Organization
(1994), smoking is responsible for
• 90 per cent of lung cancer deaths
• 45 per cent of all cancers
• 75 per cent of chronic obstructive lung
disease
• 20 per cent of deaths due to cardiovascular
disease.
ENVIRONMENTAL
TOBACCO SMOKE
(PASSIVE SMOKING)
how smoking
effects
my family !!!
Environmental tobacco smoke is
a mixture of
• Sidestream smoke
+
• Exhaled mainstream smoke +
• Contaminants that diffuse from the
cigarette paper and mouth end of
the cigarette between puffs.
ETS contains more than 3800 chemical
compounds;Passive smoke contains more
carcinogens than active smoking !!!
WHO report on “International
consultation on ETS and Child
Health” notes that:
• 700 million children, almost half of all
children worldwide, live in the home of
a smoker.
• ETS causes wide variety of adverse
health effects in children including
pneumonia,
bronchitis,
coughing,
wheezing, worsening of asthma and
middle ear infections.
TOBACCO KILLS
TOBACCOSIS
KILLED MORE
THAN
100 MILLION
WORLDWIDE
IN THE 20th
CENTURY!!
BENEFITS OF
SMOKING
CESSATION
HEALTH BENEFITS OF QUITTING
• Within 20 minutes of your last cigarette
• Blood pressure drops to normal
• Pulse drops to its normal rate
• The body temperature of your hands and
feet increases to normal.
• Within 08 hours
• CO level in your blood drops to normal
• Oxygen level in your blood increase to
normal
• Within 24 hours
• The chances of heart attack decreases
HEALTH BENEFITS OF
QUITTING
• Within 48 hours
• Nerve endings start regrowing
• Abilities to smell and taste things are
enhanced
• Within 72 hours
• Bronchial tubes relax, making breathing
easier.
• Within 2 weeks and 3 months
• The circulation improves and walking
becomes easier
• Lung function increases by upto 30%
Benefits of Quitting
• Evident in one year
• Risk continues to declines
thereafter
• The risk goes down by 60% in
two years
• And falls to non smokers levels
in 10 years
Benefits of Quitting
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Risk
NonSmoker
Now After 1yr After 2
yr
after 5 after 10
yr
yr
HOW
TO
QUIT
SMOKING ?
SMOKING CESSATION
PHARMACOLOGICAL
INTERVENTIONS
PSYCHOLOGICAL
INTERVENTIONS
•NICOTINE REPLACEMENT
THERAPIES (NRT)
•Nicotine patch
•Nicotine gum
•Nicotine nasal spray
•Nicotine inhaler
•ZYBAN THERAPY
•OTHER MEDICATIONS
•Clonidine
•Silver acetate
•MOTIVATION
ENHANCEMENT THERAPY
•COGNITIVE THERAPY
•BEHAVOURAL PROGRAMS
•Coping skills training
•Aversive therapy
•Cue exposure
•Social support
•Self help materials
•RELAPSE PREVENTION
Cancer and Its Warning
Signals
• Early discovery : Early recovery
• Cancer is completely curable if
detected at an early stage.
That’s why it is important to
have a regular check up at least
one a year.
Watch out for the seven
warning signals
C hange in bowel or bladder habits.
A Sore that does not heal.
U nusal bleeding or discharge.
T hickening or lump in breast or
elsewhere.
I ndigestion or difficulty in
swallowing.
O bvious change in wart or mole.
N agging cough or hoarseness.
To Conclude…
• Its never too late or too early to
change lifestyle to reap benefits
for tomorrow.