Transcript PDE Vocabulary

PDE Vocabulary
New lexical items
How and why does the language
expand?
Sources:
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new phenomena (e.g. technology)
changes in thinking,
mass movements
mass media: news, literature, songs,
entertainment
• Jargon (p.68), slang (p.67), slogans(p.66)
Single words: Affixation (prefixes
and suffixes)
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reconstruction
individualism
computerize
booklet
upload
cigarette
downsize
update
Single words:Borrowing / Loan
words + loan-translation (calque)
Loan-words: cliche, kosher, siesta, bon
appetit, tete a tete, rendez-vous, dejavu, fait-accompli, finito, nada, impasse,
double-entendre, shlep
Calques: superman, world-view, spirit of
the times, flea-market, lose face
Single words:Eponymy: brandnames, names of people,
mythological references, places
• hoover, xerox, tippex
• pasteurize, denim, levis
• china, nescafe, hamburger, frankfurter
Single words: Blending
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brunch,
Quicktionary
Smog
Heliport
Eurovision
Single words: Acronyms and initials
Acronyms
• NATO
• NASA
• radar
• Scuba
• laser
Initials
BBC
UK
USA
TV
www
Single words: Clipping
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Phone,
Ad
‘roo
Vet
Taxi/cab
Single words: Compounding
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eyeliner
breakdown
eggplant
postman
Single words: Functional shift
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impact
email
influence
House
Drink
To up
Single words:Onomatopeia
• pop
• click
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Single words:Meaning shift or
extension through:
• Need for new term, so adopted something
similar in form or function: mouse, virus
• Metaphorical extension or metonymy: the
crown, the White House,
• Euphemism, bathroom, pass away, make
love, gay, star
• Common mistakes: Confusion with
something similar:
disinterested/uninterested
New words: coinages
(completely new inventions)
• googol
• blurb
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Chunks: phrasal verbs
• copy in
• switch on / off
• take over,
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Chunks: fixed collocations
of verb+adverb, adjective+noun, verb+object,
prepositional phrases etc.
• couch potato
• spotted kingfisher
• ill at ease
• juggling act
• chief of staff
• free market
• force of gravity,
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‘Stagnation’ of items
Cliché:
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Loss of items
Because:
- The referent has disappeared
- Unacceptable / distasteful
- Replaced by something more fashionable
For next time
• Find at least one new item for each
category, upload onto the site
(Assignment: vocabulary expansion)