Transcript Grammar Lessons * Week 1

Grammar Lessons – Week 6
Clause and Sentence Types
Day 1 – Types of Clauses
• To be a clause, a group of words must have a
subject and a verb.
• Independent clauses have a subject, a verb,
and can stand alone.
• Dependent clauses have a subject, a verb, and
cannot stand alone.
Day 1 – Examples
• Independent Clauses vs. Dependent Clauses
– I like cheese
– While I like cheese
vs
– Gilbert ran down the street vs
– Although Gilbert ran down the street
– The show was on
vs
– Unless the show was on
– No cheese was on the sandwich
vs
– Because no cheese was on the sandwich
Day 1 – Practice Identifying
• Which types of clauses are these?
– Joe-Bob built a fence.
– While Gilbert complained
– Unless Floober misunderstood him
• There are two types of clauses in each sentence,
here. Which one is which?
– While Bobbi-Jo likes plaid, Floober prefers plain colors.
– I like weekends because I can sleep in.
Day 2 – Recapping
• Yesterday, we talked about clauses –
independent and dependent.
• Independent clauses can stand alone.
• Dependent clauses can’t.
• Now let’s talk about what we do with them.
Day 2 – Clauses to Sentences
• Each sentence needs, bare minimum, one independent clause.
• There are four types of sentences, dependent on what clauses are in
them:
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–
–
–
Simple – One independent clause.
Compound – Two independent clauses (or more).
Complex – One independent (only) and one (or more) dependent clauses.
Compound-Complex – Two independent clauses (or more) and one dependent
clause (or more).
• If you want the simple version:
–
–
–
–
Simple – One ind.
Compound – Two ind.
Complex – One ind, one dep.
Compound-Complex – Two ind, one dep.
Day 2 – Identifying Sentence Types
• Let’s identify the clauses, then the sentence
type, in each of these:
– Floober is a stupid name.
– When he heard me call his name stupid, Floober
was offended.
– Floober is an imaginary person, so I don’t care.
– Joe-Bob cares, and he consoles Floober.
– Joe-Bob and Floober are now friends because I
insulted Floober’s name.
Day 3 – Recap
• This week, we’ve discussed the following:
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–
–
–
–
–
Independent Clauses – Subject, verb, stand alone
Dependent Clauses – Subject, verb, can’t stand alone
Simple Sentence – One ind cl
Compound Sentence – Two ind cl
Complex Sentence – One ind cl, one dep cl
Compound-Complex Sentence – Two ind cl, one dep
cl
• Today, let’s discuss how to properly join two
clauses.
Day 3 – Joining Two Clauses
• Joining a dependent clause to an independent clause
can happen various ways; here’s two options:
– Start with the dependent clause:
– Because I wanted beef, I ordered the twelve ounce steak.
– Notice the comma between the dep cl and ind cl.
– End with the dependent clause:
– I ordered the twelve ounce steak because I wanted beef.
– Notice there’s no comma now, since we ended with the
dep cl.
Day 3 – Joining Two Clauses
• Joining two independent clauses has many more options to choose from:
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–
–
–
–
A comma plus a coordinating conjunction:
(CCs include For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So)
I ordered the steak, and she also ordered the steak.
I ordered the steak, but she ordered the salad.
I could order the steak, or I could order the potato skins as an entrée.
– OR you could join two ind cl with a semi-colon by itself;
– I like cheese; I eat it often.
– OR with a semi-colon, conjunctive adverb or transitional phrase, and comma
– I like cheese; consequently, I eat it often.
– OR even with a colon, if the latter defines or expands upon the former
– I like cheese: today, I devoured some very delicious provolone.
Day 4 – Recapping
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•
•
•
•
Clauses vs Phrases
Subjects – Implied and not
Verbs
Verbals
Direct and Indirect Objects
• Now, we’re going to bring back something we
went over a while ago and add it to the mix:
predicate adjectives and predicate nominatives.
Day 4 – DO, IO, PA, PN
• Action verbs take direct objects and, sometimes,
indirect objects.
• A subject performs an action, and the object
receives the action.
– I want cheese.
– Wumpus bites toy burgers.
• Linking verbs, however, take predicate adjectives
or predicate nominatives.
• Here, the subject equals the predicate. We’re
equating the subject with a state of being.
Day 4 - Practice
• Let’s try finding them, together:
– When Gilbert sat in his comfy chair, he wanted
both a book and a cup of coffee.
– Whether you use Italian dressing or balsamic
vinaigrette, the salad will still be tasty.
– Neither the pig nor the sheep knew what to say.
– When you get to the castle, you’ll either have to
open the draw-bridge or scale the walls.