Transcript 2002 Earth Science Released Test

2002 Earth Science
1. Igneous rocks are formed by --1. Heat and pressure
on existing rocks
2. Evaporation of
water, leaving solids
behind
3. Cooling and
hardentng of molten
rock
4. Layers of mud on
the bottom of a lake
3
4
5
...
on
m
ud
of
an
ye
rs
lin
g
oo
C
th
e
nt
..
rd
e
ha
d
of
tio
n
or
a
ap
Ev
La
...
on
re
su
pr
es
ta
nd
ea
2
H
1
w
at
er
,..
.
25% 25% 25% 25%
2. What is the main advantage of using dams to
produce electrical energy?
1. They can be built
near most cities.
2. They do not produce
much pollution.
3. They are
inexpensive to build.
4. They do not damage
wildlife homes.
1
2
3
4
5
no
do
ey
Th
...
td
am
ag
e
si
ve
xp
en
in
e
ar
e
ey
Th
ey
Th
Th
ey
do
ca
no
n
tp
be
ro
d
bu
ilt
uc
e.
..
ne
..
..
25% 25% 25% 25%
3. A student set up an experiment to test the effects of soil compaction
on plant growth. The student put equal weights of moist soil into 10
containers, planted a bean seed one inch deep in each container, and
then firmly compacted the soil in 5 of the containers. After the seeds
sprouted, the student measured the height of each plant every day and
kept a record of the results. What else must the student do over time to
ensure a valid experiment?
25% 25% 25% 25%
1
2
3
4
5
...
in
nt
s
pl
a
he
of
rt
at
e
ra
at
e
W
pl
an
th
e
co
of
th
e
ll
ra
at
e
W
W
at
e
ra
ny
co
nt
ai
ne
ri
...
4.
W
3.
nt
a.
..
2.
t..
.
Water any container in which the soli
feels dry
Water all of the containers the same
amount and at the same time
Water any of the plants that seem to
be growing more slowly than the
others
Water the plants in compacted soil
more than those in uncompacted
soil.
ny
1.
4. Which planet is often called “Earth’s twin” because it is
similar in mass and diameter to the Earth?
2
3
4
5
ut
o
25%
Pl
s
25%
nu
er
cu
M
M
1
25%
ry
25%
Ve
Mars
Mercury
Venus
Pluto
ar
s
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. Even thought the Earth’s inner core is hotter
than the liquid outer core, it is still solid because--The heat rising from the
inner core is melting the
outer core
There is more water in
the outer core and it
dilutes the materials
The outer core is farther
from the center, and
there is less gravity
holding it together.
The pressure from all of
Earth’s layers keeps it in
a solid state.
1
2
3
4
5
al
fr
om
is
pr
es
te
r
su
re
co
re
l..
.
.
fa
rth
.
i..
.
w
at
er
e
Th
e
ou
is
er
e
Th
Th
e
he
at
ris
i
m
or
e
ng
4.
Th
3.
t..
2.
25% 25% 25% 25%
fr
om
1.
6. A light-year measures--25% 25% 25% 25%
2
3
4
5
R
ad
m
e
Ti
an
ce
D
is
t
ne
s
rig
ht
B
1
ia
tio
n
Brightness
Distance
Radiation
Time
s
1.
2.
3.
4.
7. Which vertebrate did not live during the time of
the dinosaurs (the Mesozoic Era)?
4
5
25%
25%
D
3
25%
C
2
25%
B
1
A
B
C
D
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
8. Land breezes and sea breezes are created by
the differences in--1. The Earth’s tilt on its
axis
2. Solar radiation
reaching the earth’s
surface
3. The heat capacity
between water and
land
4. The living organisms
occurring in the land
and sea
liv
e
..
or
ga
in
g
ca
p
at
he
ni
sm
s.
be
...
ity
ac
n
ia
tio
ra
d
la
r
e
Th
5
Th
4
So
3
re
a
its
on
til
t
s
rth
’
Ea
e
2
Th
1
ch
...
...
25% 25% 25% 25%
9. Which of the following minerals found in the northern
Piedmont province is known as “fool’s gold”?
2
3
4
5
25%
m
on
ite
al
en
a
25%
Li
H
Py
1
25%
em
at
ite
25%
G
Pyrite
Hematite
Galena
Limonite
rit
e
1.
2.
3.
4.
10. On weather maps, there are lines with tiny
triangles on one side. This represents--Cold air moving in the
direction the triangles
pint
Cold air moving
opposite the direction
the triangles point
Warm air moving in the
direction the triangles
point
Warm air moving
opposite the direction
the triangle point.
3
4
5
ng
ov
i
ov
i
rm
rm
ar
m
ai
ai
ar
m
W
...
in
ng
op
p
ng
ov
i
op
p
t..
o.
..
..
th
e.
rm
ol
d
W
2
C
1
C
ol
d
ai
ai
rm
4.
in
3.
ng
2.
25% 25% 25% 25%
ov
i
1.
11. Pictures is a shoebox with rows of holes in the top, large enough
for straws to fit through. By placing straws through the holes, students
have to determine the shape of an unseen object in the box. This
activity simulates the technology used to map the seafloor. What is that
technology called?
25% 25% 25% 25%
1
2
3
4
5
gy
r
Se
is
m
ol
o
na
So
rr
pl
e
op
D
La
se
rb
ea
ad
a
m
s
r
1. Laser
beams
2. Doppler
radar
3. Sonar
4. Seismology
12. Which diagram correctly shows wind motion
between pressure areas?
1
2
3
4
5
25%
25%
J
25%
H
25%
G
F
G
H
J
F
1.
2.
3.
4.
13. During droughts, lack of rain can lead to wells drying
up. This is because the drought has lowered the-----
1. Water
table
2. Water
trough
3. Zone of
aeration
4. Zone of
porosity
2
3
4
5
po
ro
s
of
Zo
ne
of
ne
Zo
1
ity
n
at
io
ae
r
rt
at
e
W
W
at
e
rt
ro
ug
h
ab
le
25% 25% 25% 25%
14. Which of these is the best evidence that the Earth’s
crust has undergone some major changes?
1. The location of
major rivers
2. The amount of
available water on
Earth
3. The presence of
marine fossils in
mountain rock
4. The arrival of the
vernal equinox
ve
r
he
m
of
t
of
ce
ar
r iv
al
en
e
pr
es
e
...
.
ar
i.
ai
la
b
of
nt
am
ou
e
Th
5
Th
4
Th
3
av
aj
or
m
of
n
tio
lo
ca
e
2
Th
1
..
...
25% 25% 25% 25%
15. According to the graph, a piece of timber containing
one-eight of the amount of cargon-14 that is found in a
living tree died about how many years ago?
1. 5,700
years
2. 11,400
years
3. 17,100
years
4. 22,800
years
1
2
3
4
5
s
22
,8
00
ye
ar
s
ye
ar
00
17
,1
00
,4
11
5,
70
0
ye
ye
ar
s
ar
s
25% 25% 25% 25%
16. What is the first stage in the life cycle of a star?
1. Black hole
2. Dwarf star
3. Mainsequence
star
4. Stellar
nebula
2
3
4
5
la
St
el
la
r
ce
qu
en
ai
nse
M
1
ne
bu
st
ar
ta
r
fs
w
ar
D
B
la
c
k
ho
le
25% 25% 25% 25%
17. At which location are metamorphic rocks most
likely to be found?
1
2
3
4
5
25%
25%
D
25%
C
25%
B
A
B
C
D
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
18. According to the data shown in the graph, the
hypothesis is only correct for latitudes—
Hypotheses: The average relative humidity
decreases north and south of the equator.
1
2
3
4
5
u.
..
°.
..
th
e
d
tf
ro
m
an
rt
he
s
20
°
ee
n
eq
60
40
to
po
th
e
Fr
om
U
p
to
40
°f
ro
m
le
s
th
e
4.
et
w
3.
B
2.
Fa
Up to 40°
from the
equator
From the
poles to 40°
from the
equator
Between 20°
and 60° from
the equator
Farthest from
the equator
eq
...
1.
°..
.
25% 25% 25% 25%
19. Of the following, the largest division on the
geologic time scale is---
3
4
5
pe
rio
er
a
A
n
A
2
n
oc
h
ep
ye
A
1
25%
d
25% 25%
ar
25%
A
1. A year
2. An
epoch
3. An era
4. A period
20. Saturn’s volume is 762 times the volume of Earth, and
yet its mass is only about 95 times that of Earth’s mass.
This is due to Saturn's--1.
2.
3.
Low density
Temperature
Thousands of
rings
Distance from
4.
25% 25% 25% 25%
3
4
5
su
n
an
ce
is
t
D
2
th
fr
om
of
s
nd
ou
sa
Th
1
e
rin
g
s
ra
tu
re
m
pe
Te
Lo
w
de
ns
ity
the sun
21. When placed in water, ice rises to the top of the liquid.
Unlike most solids that sink when placed in their liquid
forms, ice floats because--
1. It is colder than
water
2. It is less dense than
water
3. The pressure of the
water holds it up
4. Gases inside the ice
make it buoyant
3
4
5
...
th
e
ic
e
...
th
e
of
id
e
re
in
s
su
as
es
pr
es
e
le
is
G
2
Th
1
It
It
is
ss
co
de
ld
e
ns
e
rt
ha
th
n
an
w
at
...
er
25% 25% 25% 25%
22. The formations at X and Y in the picture above
were created by--
Tension
Shearing
Compression
Rifting
3
4
5
ng
ift
i
R
ea
om
pr
es
C
2
Sh
ns
Te
1
si
on
rin
g
25% 25% 25% 25%
io
n
1.
2.
3.
4.
23. The picture above shows that one of the main pollution
problems associated with sinkholes is that---
1. They can destroy
roadways
2. Tractors can fall
into them
3. Homes can be
damaged by them
4. They can connect
directly to the
water table
5
ey
ca
n
ca
n
...
di
re
co
be
nn
e
da
fa
ll
i
n
ca
ct
nt
o
..
ro
.
st
ro
y
to
rs
om
es
Th
4
H
3
Tr
ac
de
n
ca
ey
2
Th
1
m
a.
..
...
25% 25% 25% 25%
24. Which of these tracks was made last?
1
2
3
4
5
25%
25%
J
25%
H
25%
G
F
G
H
J
F
1.
2.
3.
4.
25. Orbital velocity is the average speed of a planet
moving through space in its orbit around the sun. Which of
the following planets has the fastest orbital velocity?
2
3
4
5
25%
ut
o
ar
s
25%
Pl
Ju
er
cu
M
1
25%
pi
te
r
25%
M
Mercury
Jupiter
Mars
Pluto
ry
1.
2.
3.
4.
26. What does the diagram illustrate about
turbidity currents?
They move
along the
bottom
They stop
moving as
soon as they
reach the
ocean floor.
They are
temperaturedependent.
They only
occur in salt
water.
2
3
4
5
..
sa
n
ri
cu
ly
on
ey
Th
ar
e
ey
oc
te
m
pe
ra
tu
r..
.
a.
..
ng
ov
i
m
ey
Th
Th
1
Th
ey
m
ov
e
st
op
al
4.
..
3.
th
e.
2.
25% 25% 25% 25%
on
g
1.
27. In karst regions, caves are carved by the flow of water
through limestone bedrock. How do the stalagmites and
stalactites in the caves develop?
They are carbonate deposits
formed by dripping water in
air-filled cavities.
They are granite intrusions
that remain behind after
water dissolves the
surrounding limestone.
They are crystals that grow
as water hollows out the
cavern.
They are carvings made in
limestone by the swirling
water as it hollows out the
cavern.
2
3
4
5
gs
vi
n
ca
r
ey
ar
e
ar
e
ey
m
a.
.
..
th
a.
ls
st
a
te
gr
an
i
ar
e
ey
Th
Th
1
Th
ey
ar
e
ca
r
bo
n
at
e
...
4.
Th
3.
cr
y
2.
25% 25% 25% 25%
in
tr
...
1.
28. Which conclusion can be made based on the
information in the chart?
Quartz is
harder than
topaz.
Calcite is
harder than
apatite.
Fluorite is
harder than
feldspar.
Gypsum is
harder than
talc.
1
2
3
4
5
rt
ha
...
...
ha
rd
e
is
su
m
yp
G
Fl
uo
rit
e
is
ha
ha
rd
e
rd
e
rt
rt
ha
n
ha
n
...
..
ha
n.
is
te
al
ci
C
Q
ua
rtz
is
4.
rt
3.
rd
e
2.
25% 25% 25% 25%
ha
1.
29.Which of the following rocks represents an
igneous intrusion?
1. Granite
2. Limestone
3. Marble
25% 25% 25% 25%
1
2
3
4
5
al
e
Sh
ar
bl
e
M
to
ne
m
es
Li
G
ra
n
ite
4. Shale
30. Which of these would come next in the water
cycle? Ocean→ Evaporation→ Condensation
Aeration
Sedimentation
Deposition
Precipitation
25% 25% 25% 25%
1
2
3
4
5
ip
ita
Pr
ec
os
i
ep
D
tio
n
tio
n
io
n
ta
t
di
m
en
Se
A
er
at
io
n
1.
2.
3.
4.
31. The edges of moving crustal plates are often
defined by---
1. Ocean basins
2. Frequent seismic
activity
3. Intercontinental
plains
4. Earth’s largest
rivers
1
2
3
4
5
s
la
rg
es
tr
iv
er
in
s
pl
a
rt
h’
s
Ea
nt
in
en
ta
l
ic
te
rc
o
In
Fr
eq
ue
nt
s
O
ce
ei
sm
an
ba
s
ac
t..
.
in
s
25% 25% 25% 25%
32. Which layer of the sun is the most dense?
1. Chromosphere
2. Photosphere
3. Core
25% 25% 25% 25%
1
2
3
4
5
C
a
or
on
C
or
e
C
ph
e
ot
os
Ph
hr
om
os
ph
e
re
re
4. Corona
33. The topographic map that may show a hill with
a volcanic crater is---
1
2
3
4
5
25%
25%
D
25%
C
25%
B
A
B
C
D
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
m
in
.
5
m
in
.
4
m
in
.
3
2
m
in
.
34. An earthquake struck San Diego, California. The
above map and table show that the approximate difference
in arrival times between the P-wave and S-wave at Seattle
is-1. 2
25% 25% 25% 25%
min.
2. 3
min.
3. 4
min.
4. 5
min.
35. The ozone layer protects life on Earth from---
Ultraviolet rays
Gamma rays
Infrared rays
X-rays
3
4
5
ra
fra
re
d
In
Xra
ys
s
G
am
m
a
ra
y
ra
y
io
le
t
ltr
av
2
U
1
ys
25% 25% 25% 25%
s
1.
2.
3.
4.
36. About how long is the Red Sea?
25%
2
3
4
5
25%
km
00
21
00
km
0
30
40
1
25%
km
25%
12
40 km
300 km
1200km
2100 km
km
1.
2.
3.
4.
37. All of the following features of the ocean
indicate tectonic activity except--
Abyssal plains
Mid-ocean ridges
Seamounts
Trenches
3
4
5
es
ch
Tr
en
am
ou
Se
rid
ge
ea
id
-o
c
M
2
n
pl
ai
ss
al
by
A
1
nt
s
s
25% 25% 25% 25%
ns
1.
2.
3.
4.
38. Which of these causes days and nights?
1. The orbit of the
Earth around the
sun
2. The revolution of the
moon a round the
Earth
3. The rotation of the
moon on its axis
4. The rotation of the
Earth on its axis
5
r..
th
e
Ea
m
...
e
ro
ta
tio
ro
ta
tio
n
n
of
of
th
e
th
e.
io
n
lu
t
re
vo
e
e
Th
4
Th
3
Th
2
of
Ea
ft
he
or
bi
to
e
Th
1
..
rth
...
25% 25% 25% 25%
39. Which layer of the soil profile would be
affected the most by weathering and erosion?
4
5
25%
25%
4
3
25%
3
2
25%
2
1
1
2
3
4
1
1.
2.
3.
4.
40. The point from which an earthquake originates
is called the--Focus
Epicenter
Fault line
Shock
wave
2
3
4
5
e
e
oc
k
w
av
ul
tl
in
Sh
Ep
ic
e
cu
Fo
1
Fa
nt
er
25% 25% 25% 25%
s
1.
2.
3.
4.
41. Which of these facts is the best supporting
evidence that the universe is expanding?
1. The stars vary in
chemical
composition.
2. The galaxies are
moving away from
each other.
3. The galaxies can
spin to form eddies.
4. The universe is filled
with galaxies of
different sizes.
fil
l
is
rs
e
iv
e
ie
s
un
la
x
e
ga
e
ed
sp
in
...
ca
n
m
ov
ar
e
ie
s
la
x
ga
e
Th
5
Th
4
Th
3
i..
..
ch
e.
in
ry
va
s
st
ar
e
2
Th
1
...
25% 25% 25% 25%
42. In which of the graphs would the precipitation
at ground level most likely be rain?
1
2
3
4
5
25%
25%
J
25%
H
25%
G
F
G
H
J
F
1.
2.
3.
4.
43. Jellyfish have rarely been fossilized because
they--
1. Contain no carbon
compounds
2. Are very rare
animals
3. Are generally
found in oceans
4. Have soft bodies
1
2
3
4
5
ft
b
so
e
av
H
ge
n
re
od
ie
s
..
nd
fo
u
er
al
ly
y
ve
r
re
A
A
C
on
ta
in
no
ca
ra
re
rb
o
n
an
i
...
m
al
s
25% 25% 25% 25%
44. Which of the landforms is most likely to result
when two continents collide?
1
2
3
4
5
25%
25%
J
25%
H
25%
G
F
G
H
J
F
1.
2.
3.
4.
45. Why is the surface temperature of the oceans
more variable than the water near the ocean floor?
1. Most energy is
exchanged at the
surface.
2. Most animals live
near the surface.
3. The water is less
dense at the
surface.
4. The salt
concentration is
more variable at the
surface.
2
3
4
5
tio
...
..
tr
a
de
n
ce
n
on
e
Th
Th
e
w
sa
lt
c
at
er
is
ni
m
al
s
le
liv
ss
e
ne
...
ex
ch
is
M
os
ta
rg
y
ne
os
te
M
1
a.
..
25% 25% 25% 25%
46. More of the upper block’s formation is missing
mainly due to-Lower layers
subjected to
less pressure
Erosion of the
upper layers’
surfaces
Less
deformation
than in the lower
block
Presence of
more igneous
2
3
4
5
ig
.
or
e
m
of
ce
en
Pr
es
de
ss
..
...
th
a
fo
rm
at
io
n
pe
r.
up
th
e
of
Le
Lo
w
er
la
y
er
s
rock in the block
1
..
..
te
.
je
c
4.
io
n
3.
su
b
2.
25% 25% 25% 25%
Er
os
1.
47. More often than metamorphic or igneous
rocks, sedimentary rocks have--
1. Many holes from
trapped gases
2. Large quartz
crystals
3. Numerous fossils
4. A glassy
appearance
2
3
4
5
ce
ra
n
ea
ap
p
s
fo
s
ta
ls
as
sy
gl
N
um
er
ou
A
La
rg
e
qu
ar
tz
cr
ys
tr.
..
fro
m
es
ho
l
an
y
M
1
si
ls
25% 25% 25% 25%
48. Virginia has large deposits of sand and gravel.
These are usually found in areas where-1. Water once flowed.
2. Lava once covered
the ground.
3. Swamps once were
present.
4. The water table was
once very low.
3
4
5
...
..
as
p.
w
er
e
bl
e
w
at
er
ta
on
ce
w
e
am
ps
Th
2
Sw
1
La
va
W
on
ce
at
e
ro
co
nc
ve
r
e
ed
flo
th
...
w
ed
.
25% 25% 25% 25%
49. Which of these energy sources originates from
a nonrenewable resource?
Solar
Geothermal
Fossil fuel
Hydroelectric
2
3
4
5
tri
c
l
le
c
il
fu
e
yd
ro
e
ss
H
G
eo
So
1
Fo
th
er
m
al
25% 25% 25% 25%
la
r
1.
2.
3.
4.
50. What does Pangaea mean?
It is the name of
an extinct
volcano.
It is the French
word for volcano
It is the name of
an ancient
super continent.
It is a huge
disruption of the
Earth’s
atmospheric
circulation.
1
2
3
4
5
e
hu
g
e
na
m
It
is
a
th
e
is
It
n.
..
up
tio
di
sr
of
w
an
or
d
a.
..
f..
..
ex
.
is
It
It
is
th
e
th
e
na
m
e
4.
Fr
en
ch
3.
an
2.
25% 25% 25% 25%
of
1.