Transcript 1. Which of the following is NOT one of the domains (highest

1. Which of the following is NOT one of
the domains (highest taxonomic level) of
life?
25%
25%
25%
ia
ct
er
Ba
ry
a
Eu
ka
Ar
ch
ae
a
Fungi
Archaea
Eukarya
Bacteria
Fu
ng
i
A.
B.
C.
D.
25%
2. Which of the following types of organisms
are composed of cells that do not contain a
nucleus or other membrane-bound
organelles?
17%
C
Bo
th
A
B
an
d
an
d
B
Bo
th
A
th
Bo
17%
C
17%
an
d
ae
Ar
ch
ct
er
Ba
17%
a
17%
ia
17%
ry
a
Eukarya
Bacteria
Archaea
Both A and B
Both B and C
Both A and C
Eu
ka
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
3. Which taxonomic level is just above
class (more diverse)?
ily
25%
Fa
m
de
r
25%
Or
um
25%
Ph
yl
us
Genus
Phylum
Order
Family
Ge
n
A.
B.
C.
D.
25%
4. Which of the following is NOT one
of the conditions required for natural
selection?
25% 25% 25% 25%
e.
..
an
t
di
ffe
r
in
to
do
m
ad
be
le
us
t
us
t
m
Tr
ait
m
ait
Tr
Tr
ait
m
ia
us
t
bi
li
ty
be
fo
r
he
at
rit
a
ra
bl
e
it
Variability for a trait
Trait must be heritable
Trait must be dominant
Trait must lead to
differential reproduction
Va
r
A.
B.
C.
D.
Differential reproduction= differences in
the survival and reproduction of different
individuals in the population due to traits.
It IS a requirement for natural selection.
While natural selection can only act upon
expressed traits (phenotype), if
homozygous recessive individuals are less
likely to survive, the recessive gene will
decrease in the gene pool.
Differential reproduction= organisms having differences in
numbers of surviving offspring due to different traits that
make the m more likely to survive/find mates.
5. Which of the following is a limit to
natural selection?
ne
ffe
r
ge
Ha
v
in
g
di
in
g
Ha
v
...
ep
ro
lr
en
t ia
re
p
igh
ah
ve
ha
in
g
Ha
v
m
ut
at
r..
.
...
xis
t
us
te
m
it
tra
bl
e
or
a
Fa
v
io
ns
25% 25% 25% 25%
A. Favorable trait must exist
in the population.
B. Having have a high
reproduction rate.
C. Having gene mutations
D. Having differential
reproduction.
6. Natural selection which eliminates
individuals at both ends of the spectrum of
variation is called
Di
v
tio
Bi
m
od
al
se
le
c
up
t i.
..
Di
sr
or
er
s if
yin
g(
iliz
St
ab
Di
re
ct
io
na
l
in
gS
Se
l
ec
el
ec
tio
tio
n
n
A. Directional Selection
B. Stabilizing Selection
C. Diversifying (or
Disruptive) Selection
D. Bimodal selection
n
25% 25% 25% 25%
If natural selection pressure favors the average,
and acts against BOTH extremes the distribution
will narrow. Stabilizing Selection.
7. If natural selection favors one extreme
of a distribution, and acts against the other
it is called
25% 25% 25% 25%
Di
v
Dr
ift
et
ic
Ge
n
up
t i.
..
Di
sr
or
er
s if
yin
g(
iliz
St
ab
Di
re
ct
io
na
l
in
gS
Se
l
ec
el
ec
tio
tio
n
n
A. Directional Selection
B. Stabilizing Selection
C. Diversifying (or
Disruptive) Selection
D. Genetic Drift
8. Interactions between two species that
results in ongoing evolutionary changes in
each species is called
Convergent evolution
Directional evolution
Diversifying evolution
Coevolution
Co
e
vo
lu
tio
n
vo
lu
ge
er
s if
yin
Di
v
na
l
ct
io
Di
re
tio
ut
io
n
ev
ol
lu
t io
n
vo
nt
e
ge
ve
r
n
25% 25% 25% 25%
Co
n
A.
B.
C.
D.
9. Which of the following is an
example of convergent evolution.
ad
co
l
an
d
fis
h
in
g
ol
v
W
ha
l
es
ev
er
w
Flo
ap
t
or
st
tin
da
p
sa
c ie
ts
pe
ne
w
in
g.
..
g.
.
..
r.
on
ge
in
gl
ol
v
A
ffe
s
Gi
ra
o.
..
25% 25% 25% 25%
ev
A. Giraffes evolving longer necks
to reach high branches.
B. A newt species adapting to have
high levels of toxins because its
predator adapts by having a
tolerance to toxin.
C. Flower evolving colors to attract
bees
D. Whales and fish adapting to
water with streamlined shape
In convergent evolution, the trait is not shared by more
closely related species. The trait evolved independently in
more distantly related species because the of similarities in
natural selection pressure.
10. Which of the following would
most likely lead to speciation?
M
t io
ns
hi
re
la
ut
ua
lis
tic
ph
ic
iliz
St
ab
Ge
og
ra
in
gs
el
is o
la
ec
tio
t io
n
n
n
tio
vo
lu
p
25% 25% 25% 25%
Coevolution
Stabilizing selection
Geographic isolation
Mutualistic
relationship
Co
e
A.
B.
C.
D.
11. A shift in a gene pool due to
random chance …
A. is called an
adaptation
B. is called genetic drift
C. is called evolution
D. both A and C
E. is not possible
no
tp
is
A
an
d
os
sib
C
n
d
lle
ca
is
bo
th
ev
ol
et
ic
ge
n
d
lle
ca
is
ut
io
dr
ift
io
n
ta
t
ad
ap
an
d
lle
ca
is
le
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
12. Genetic drift is more likely to
occur …
25% 25% 25% 25%
al
In
a
la
sm
a
In
at
io
rg
e
po
pu
l
lp
op
ul
lo
w
a
ith
sw
c ie
sp
e
a
In
at
io
r..
.
.. .
h
hi
g
a
ith
sw
c ie
sp
e
a
In
n
n
A. In a species with a high
reproductive rate
B. In a species with a low
reproductive rate
C. In a small population
D. In a large population
e
en
c
Re
sil
i
ng
on
i
rc
e
Re
so
u
ce
en
fe
r
In
te
r
pa
r
co
m
ve
tit
i
Co
m
pe
tit
i
pe
ex
c lu
tit
i
sio
on
n
13. When two species that compete over a food
source or habitat adapt over time to utilize the
resource in a way that avoids or reduces competition
it is called
25% 25% 25% 25%
A. Competitive exclusion
B. Interference competition
C. Resource partitioning
D. Resilience
14. Which of the following would must
likely cause adaptive radiation to occur?
A. The introduction of
an invasive species
B. A mass extinction
C. Human population
growth
D. Long term stability
in the climate
..
th
e.
in
ty
n
Lo
ng
te
rm
st
a
po
pu
l
bi
li
at
io
se
Hu
m
an
m
as
A
gr
ow
xt
in
ct
io
...
in
n
of
a
n
du
ct
io
nt
ro
ei
Th
th
n
25% 25% 25% 25%
Adaptive radiation (many
species evolve from an
original ancestor) may occur
when there are many
available niches.
Mass extinctions may create
available niches.
The differing conditions
of the Galapagos Islands
created different
available niches.
15. Specialist species have a _____ niche and
have an advantage in a ______ environment.
g
ch
an
id
ly
yc
ap
id
l
na
rr
ow
;r
ap
d;
r
br
oa
gin
g
gin
ha
n
ta
b
;s
ow
na
rr
d;
s
ta
b
le
le
broad; stable
narrow; stable
broad; rapidly changing
narrow; rapidly changing
br
oa
A.
B.
C.
D.
25% 25% 25% 25%
16. Endemic species are
..
..
ea
d
ts
pr
st
ha
sp
ec
ie
tp
la
ya
cr
it i
ca
.
se
ar
st
ha
c ie
sp
e
c ie
st
ha
ts
er
v
ea
.. .
fo
un
d
re
sp
e
st
ha
c ie
sp
e
di
se
as
e
25% 25% 25% 25%
ta
A. species that are found
nowhere else
B. species that serve as early
warnings that a community
is being damaged
C. species that play a critical
role in the ecosystem
D. species that spread disease
17. Exploitation competition occurs
when
50%
50%
sp
e
On
e
On
e
sp
e
c ie
sl
c ie
su
se
im
its
st
he
an
re
s
...
ot
h.
.
A. One species limits another
species’ access
B. One species uses the
resource more efficiently
18. Typical trends in succession is for diversity
to ______ with time and for plant size to ______
with time.
25% 25% 25% 25%
e
cr
ea
s
de
cr
e
as
e;
in
de
as
e;
cr
e
in
bo
th
de
cr
e
cr
ea
s
as
e
se
ea
in
cr
e
both increase
both decrease
increase; decrease
decrease; increase
bo
th
A.
B.
C.
D.
19. The trees in a mature/climax community in a
temperate deciduous forest biome generally _______
than trees earlier in the succession process.
lig
er
lo
w
C
d
A
an
d
an
A
r. .
.
ht
re
qu
i
r. .
.
eq
ui
tr
igh
ha
ve
ha
ve
hi
g
ar
he
rl
es
lo
w
er
gr
ow
in
g
A. are slower growing
B. have higher light
requirements
C. have lower light
requirements
D. A and B
E. A and C
B
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
In ecological succession, faster
growing plants are replaced
over time by slower growing
species that are better able to
compete for light and other
resources.
20. Inertia (or persistence) is ability of an
ecosystem.
A. recover after a
disturbance.
B. survive minor ecological
disturbances.
C. develop into a
mature/climax
community.
D. to expand its range.
it s
nd
ex
pa
to
m
at
ur
a
to
in
op
ve
l
de
ra
e/
c..
.
..
l.
gic
a
ol
o
ec
or
in
em
viv
su
r
ng
e
.
an
ce
st
ur
b
di
af
te
ra
er
co
v
re
.
25% 25% 25% 25%
21. Rainforest have a high level of biodiversity but very
poor soil (because with very high productivity nutrients
get used up quickly and are store in the high biomass of
the rainforest. These conditions causer rainforest to have
_____ inertia/persistence and _____ resilience.
w
25%
lo
hi
gh
25%
bo
th
w
;h
ig
h
25%
lo
gh
;
lo
w
25%
bo
th
high; low
low; high
both high
both low
hi
A.
B.
C.
D.
The high biodiversity creates many available niches- so that a
rainforest has more inertia to withstand minor ecological
disruptions.
However, with very poor soil, a rainforest is not resilient and
generally can not rebound well from major ecological
disruptions.
22. The top two causes of loss of biodiversity
are
A. habitat loss and
pollution
B. habitat loss and
invasive species
C. pollution and
invasive species
D. invading hippos and
elephants
nd
pp
os
a
hi
in
g
va
d
in
el
e.
..
sp
.. .
siv
e
in
va
an
d
po
llu
tio
n
os
s
ta
tl
ha
bi
ha
b
ita
tl
os
sa
an
d
nd
in
po
l
va
siv
lu
t io
e.
..
n
25% 25% 25% 25%
23. Which of the following is NOT a
characteristic that might make a species
extinction-prone?
25% 25% 25% 25%
lu
ab
le
lis
t
c ia
er
cia
lly
va
sp
e
Co
m
m
re
w
lo
w
on
pr
o
th
e
du
c
fo
od
tiv
er
ch
ain
at
e
low on the food chain
low reproductive rate
specialist
Commercially valuable
lo
A.
B.
C.
D.
Organisms that are HIGHER on the food chain must
be supported by a greater biomass of the previous
levels.
24. Which of the following is NOT a
reason that migratory birds are so hard
to protect?
i. .
.
ha
b
ot
re
qu
i
re
al
of
te
n
Th
ey
ar
e
ey
Th
of
ge
n
w
n
st
i
ne
n
of
te
ey
Th
er
al
nd
s.
et
la
bo
un
. ..
try
ou
n
ss
c
cr
o
ey
Th
A. They cross country
boundaries.
B. They often nest in
wetlands.
C. They are often
generalists.
D. They require a lot of
habitat.
is t
s.
25% 25% 25% 25%
25. The Endangered Species Act
A. requires a plan to
protect endangered
species while taking into
consideration economic
impact.
B. is directed by the EPA.
C. protects only species
living on federal lands.
D. All of the above
ab
ov
lo
ft
ys
pe
on
l
Al
c ie
sl
he
by
t
pr
ot
ec
ts
di
re
ct
ed
he
iv.
..
A.
EP
c..
.
ot
e
pr
is
to
an
pl
sa
re
qu
i
re
e
25% 25% 25% 25%
26. An international ban on trade of
ivory is part of
A. ESA
B. Convention on
Biological Diversity
C. CITES
D. Montreal Protocol
E. Kyoto Protocol
to
co
l
Pr
o
o
to
c
Ky
ot
al
Pr
o
M
on
tre
ol
o
Bi
on
n
tio
ve
n
Co
n
ol
ES
CI
T
ca
.. .
gi
ES
A
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
CITES =
Convention on International Trade of Exotic Species
27. A smaller island (or wildlife
preserve) is expected to have a lower
species diversity because
17% 17% 17% 17% 17% 17%
hi
g
he
rr
at
a
eo
lo
fe
w
er
xt
a
ra
in
hi
ct
t
eo
gh
io
er
n
fe
ra
x
tin
te
a
ct
lo
o
fi
io
w
er
m
n
m
ra
igr
te
at
of
io
im
n
m
ig
ra
tio
Bo
n
th
A
an
d
Bo
D
th
B
an
d
C
a higher rate of extinction
a lower rate of extinction
a higher rate of immigration
a lower rate of immigration
Both A and D
Both B and C
a
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Theory of
Island Biogeography
The point at which the
immigration line intersects the
extinction line predicts the
number of species.
Small islands generally have a lower migration rate because they are a
smaller target for migrating species.
Small islands generally have a higher extinction rate because they have
fewer available resources/ niches.
1. D
2. E
3. B
4. C
5. A
6. B
7. A
8. D
9. D
10.C
11.B
12.C
13.C
14.B
15.B
16.A
17.B
18.C
19.E
20.B
21.A
22.B
23.A
24.C
25.A
26.C
27.E