Transcript relative clauses

RELATIVE CLAUSES
Relative Pronouns
• Who
• Which
• That
• Whom
• Whose
• Where
• When
• Why
•We use relative
clauses to identify
or give information
about nouns(
places, people or
things)
• Who is the subject of
the clause and
should be followed
by a verb.
• She is the woman
who discovered
radium.
WHOM
• Whom is the object of
the clause and should
be followed by a
subject (noun or
pronoun)
• She is the woman
whom I was telling
you about
• Relative clauses can be
seen as two different
sentences.
• I have a friend. She loves
shopping.
• I have a friend who loves
shopping
• The man is playing tennis.
The man is holding a
racket.
• The man who is playing
tennis is holding a racket.
WHICH and That
• Which and that are used
for things. They can be the
subject or object of a
clause.
• The telephone is in your
room. The telephone is
ringing
• The telephone which/ that
is in your room is ringing.
WHOSE
• Whose is the possessive
and is used for people and
things and MUST be
followed by a noun.
• The boy whose team lost
the final is crying.
Now it’s your turn
The boy is my friend. He lives
down the street.
The two atricles were written
by my English teacher.
They appeared in the local
newspaper.
The Japanese food is sashimi
Laura likes it best
The people are very
interesting. Maria works for
Them
The sports program is on TV3
I like it best
RELATIVE CLAUSES
1. Subject and Object
Relative clauses give extra information about a noun
in the main clause. They can refer to this as subject or
object.
“That’s the woman who bought my car”
“That’s the flat that I was looking for”
Subject
Object
2. Combining sentences
Note how sentences are combined.
Subject :
“This is Sofia. She bought my car”
“Sofia is the person who bought my car”
Object :
“That is the flat. I was looking for it”
“That is the flat that I was looking for”
RELATIVE CLAUSES
1. Defining Clauses
Defining clauses tell us which person or thing, or which
kind of person or thing, is meant.
“ Paris is a city I’ve always wanted to visit”
2. Non-Defining Clauses
Non-defining clauses add extra information,
separated by commas in writing, and intonation
in speaking.
“ Tom’s mother, who is 78, goes swimming
every day”
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Omitting the relative pronoun
1. Object Clauses
The relative pronoun can be left out in object clauses in
both speaking and writing if they are defining.
“ That‘s the flat I was looking for”
2. Non-Defining Clauses
The relative pronoun cannot be left out in a
non-defining clause.
“ I poured him a glass of wine, which he drank
at once”
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Which, Who and That
1. That instead of which
That is often used instead of which in speech.
“ Is this the house that you bought?”
2. That instead of who
That can also refer to people in everyday speech.
“ Have you met the boy that Sue is going to marry?”
3. Which in non-defining clauses
That cannot be used to introduce a non-defining clause.
“ The hotel, which was a hundred years old, was very
comfortable”
4. Prepositions
That cannot be used after a preposition.
“ This is the car (that/which) I paid £ 2000”
(everyday speech)
“ This is the car for which I paid £ 2000”
(formal)
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Whose and Whom
1. Whose means of whom and usually refers
to people.
“ This is Jack. His sister is staying with us.”
“ This is Jack whose sister is staying with
us.”
2. Whom is the object for of who, and has to
be used after prepositions.
“ This is the person I sold my car to”
(everyday speech)
“ This is the person to whom I sold my car.”
(formal)
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Exercises (I)
1. Choose the most suitable word in each sentence.
a) My friend Jack, that/who/whose parents live in Glasgow,
invited me to spend Christmas in Scotland.
b) Here’s the computer program that/whom/whose I told
you about.
c) I don’t believe the story that/who/whom she told us.
d) Peter comes from Witney, that/who/which is near
Oxford.
e) This is the gum with that/whom/which the murder
was commited.
f) Have you received the parcel that/whom/which
we sent you?
g) Is this the person who/which/whose you asked me about?
h) That’s the girl that/who/whose brother sits next to me at
school.
i) The meal, that/which/whose wasn’t very tasty, was quite
expensive.
j) We didn’t enjoy the play that/who/whose we went to see.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Exercises (II)
1. Put a suitable relative pronoun in each space, or leave the
space blank wherever possible.
a) The person ..... fingerprints are on the gun was the person ......
killed Dr. Martin.
b) My bike, .....I have left at the gate, has disappeared.
c) The shoes .... I finally bought were the ones .... I tried on first.
d) The bag in .... the robbers put the money was found outside the
bank.
e) The medicine ..... the doctor gave me had no effect at all.
f) Peter, ..... couldn’t see the screen, decided to change his seat.
g) The present .... you gave me was the one .... I gave you last year!.
h) I really liked the tea ..... you made me this morning.
i) What was the name of your friend .... tent we borrowed?.
j) He is the person .... I wrote to.