Transcript ppt for chapter 4

Chapter 4
ENG 314
Categories/phrases -- Functions
S
NP
They
subject
VP
V’
AP
fast adverbial
V
NP
ate D
N
the strawberries
object
Subject and Predicate
[Manatees] [are large, marine mammals].
[They] [can live up to 60 years and can
weigh up to 1200 pounds]. [Their longterm survival in Florida] [is uncertain,
however].
Subjects: Not always initial
[He] made no answer, and [they] were
again silent till [they] had gone down the
dance, when [he] asked her if [she and her
sisters] did not very often walk to Meryton.
Tests (p. 62)
a. Inversion with the AUX in Yes/No questions
The pig from Malacandra will want to eat soon
Will the pig from Malacandra want to eat soon?
b. Agreement with the Verb/AUX
The pfiftrigg is nice
The pfiftriggs are nice.
c. Tag questions
The hross is nice, isn't he?
Apply to (1)
(1)
[The moon] [has risen in the sky].
Special Subject: there
(1) There are five unicorns in the parking lot.
What is the subject?
Do you agree?
[Peccaries] are medium-sized animals, with a
strong superficial resemblance to pigs. Like pigs,
[they] have a snout ending in a cartilagenous
disc, and eyes [that] are small relative to their
head. Also like pigs, [they] use only the middle
two digits for walking, although, unlike pigs, [the
other toes] can be altogether absent. [Their
stomach] is non-ruminating, although [it] has
three chambers, and is more complex than [that
of pigs] is. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peccary)
Complements to verbs
• Direct Object
– He read [the letter from Hogwarts].
• Indirect Object
– I gave [Santa] a letter.
• Subject Predicate
– He is [pleasant].
– He is [a nice person].
– He is [in the garden].
• Object Predicate
– Jane considers Pride and Prejudice [a classic].
Verbs with no complements/objects
Arrive, go, leave, walk, swim, ….
Verbs that have direct objects
See, eat, read, notice, devour, build, cook,
knit, prepare …
Verbs that have direct objects
Give, donate, tell, award, begrudge, mail,
throw …
Verbs with Subject Predicates
act, appear, be, become, get, go, grow,
fall, feel, keep, look, remain, seem, smell,
sound, stay, taste, turn
Verbs with Object Predicates:
consider
think
find
know
put
place
I considered Sabina very smart.
I thought Timber (to be) nice.
They found Einstein interesting.
I know Chandra to be nice.
She put snails on the table.
They placed a jar upon a hill.
Correct??
(transitive irregular)
(41) a. This chicken lays an egg every day.
b. He laid that book on the table
yesterday.
c. I have laid the table like this for years.
(intransitive irregular)
(42) a. I lie down regularly.
b. I lay down yesterday.
c. I have lain here for hours.
For WED
• Names of verbs
• ……