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Modifiers provide additional
information about nouns,
pronouns, and verbs.
Vincent Van Gogh painted quickly and forcefully.
Question answered: How did Van Gogh paint?
They help us describe what we
have seen and heard.
Modifiers can also help describe
feelings about things and people.
Van Gogh was happiest when he painted outdoors.
Bright, yellow sunflowers were a favorite subject.
What is an adjective?
• a word that modifies a noun or pronoun
(NOT A VERB)
• Some adjectives tell how many or what
kind about the words they modify.
• Some adjectives tell which one or which
ones.
Examples:
The older painters disapproved of Van Gogh’s style.
He tried new techniques in his first paintings.
Those peasants are in the field.
What are the different types of
adjectives?
What is an adverb?
• modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb
• help make meaning clear by telling how, when,
where, or to what extent something is true
Look at this list of adverbs:
How?
When?
Where?
To What Extent?
carefully
sometimes
inside
fully
quickly
once
here
very
hurriedly
finally
there
extremely
Notice how adverbs make the sentences clearer.
The door of the tomb opened.
Finally, the door of the tomb slowly opened.
Adverbs that tell to what extent can
also modify adjectives and other
adverbs.
Very
Frequently Used Adverbs
not
somewhat
Just
nearly
so
more
most
The tomb was dark.
The guide spoke softly.
The tomb was nearly dark.
The guide spoke very softly.
Many adverbs are made by adding –ly to
an adjective.
Careful + ly = carefully
Easy + ly = easily (can be spelling changes)
Some modifiers, like soon, quite, and
very, can be used only as adverbs.
KEY RULE:
Use the comparative form of an
adjective to compare two things. Use
the superlative form of an adjective to
compare more than two.
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The Comparative Form
Use the comparative form of the adjective to
compare one thing or person with another
thing or group. The comparative is formed
in two ways:
1. For short adjectives, such as great or
fierce, add –er.
great + er = greater
fierce + er = fiercer
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2. For longer adjectives, such as unusual
or remarkable, use more.
more unusual
more remarkable
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Most adjectives ending in –ful and –ous also
form the comparative with more.
more successful
more curious
The Superlative Form
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To compare a thing or a person with more
than one other of its kind, use the superlative
form of the adjective.
Dinosaurs were the largest land animals ever to live.
However, they are not the most ancient animals.
What do you notice about superlatives?
The superlative of an adjective is formed by
adding –est or using most.
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Notice how the adjectives in the chart
change forms according to the rules.
Adjective
Comparative
Superlative
strong
stronger
strongest
fast
faster
fastest
mysterious
more mysterious
most mysterious
Tips to Remember:
• Do not leave out the word “other” when you
are comparing something with everything else
of its kind.
Ex: Tyrannosaurus rex was more ferocious
than any dinosaur.
Tyrannosaurus rex was more ferocious
than any other dinosaur.
Tips to Remember:
• Do not use both –er and more or –est and most.
Ex: Dinosaurs are note the most oldest of all
reptiles.
Dinosaurs are not the oldest of all reptiles.
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Irregular Comparisons
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Adjective
Comparative
Superlative
good
better
best
well
better
best
bad
worse
worst
ill
worse
worst
little
less or lesser
least
much
more
most
many
more
most
far
farther
farthest
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KEY RULE:
Use the comparative form of an
adverb to compare two actions. Use
the superlative form of an adverb to
compare more than two actions.
The Comparative
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1. For short adverbs, such as soon or high,
add –er.
The parade entered the big top sooner than
we expected.
The lion leaped higher than the tiger.
The Comparative
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2. For most adverbs ending in –ly, use
more to make the comparative.
Sara laughed more frequently than Andy.
The horse ran more rapidly around the ring
this time than he had earlier.
The Superlative
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Use the superlative form of the
adverb to compare an action with two
or more others of the same kind.
Of the three horses, that one runs fastest.
The lion roared the most ferociously of all the
big cats.
What do you notice about how
superlative adverbs are formed?
The Superlative
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The superlative of adverbs is formed
by adding –est at the end of the
adverb or adding most before the
adverb in the sentence.
Keep these points in mind:
1. Use the comparative to compare two
actions and the superlative to compare
more than two.
2. Do not leave out the word other
when you are comparing one action with
every other action of the same kind.
Keep these points in mind:
3. Do not use both –er and more or –est
and most together.
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Let’s see what you know…
more frequently
1. The romans celebrated holidays (frequently) than we do.
2. They invented the circus as a form of celebration, and they
loudest
clapped (loud) of all for the most spectacular performances.
more bitterly
3. Chariot races were (bitterly) contested than any modern
auto race.
fastest
4. The best driver was not the one who raced (fast).
most quickly
5. He was the one who (quickly) forced other drivers to crash.