Transcript Infinitive or ING form?

Infinitive or Gerund?
Teacher: Silvino Sieben
3ª série EM
► Sometimes
we need to decide whether to use a
verb in its:
► gerund form (doing, singing)
or
► infinitive
► For
form (to do, to sing).
example, only one of the
sentences is correct. Which one?
► I dislike working late. (???)
► I dislike to work late. (???)
following
When to use the infinitive
►
The infinitive form is used after certain verbs:
- forget, help, learn, teach, train
- choose, expect, hope, need, offer, want, would like
- agree, encourage, pretend, promise, recommend
- allow, can/can't afford, decide, manage, mean, refuse
I forgot to close the window.
► Mary needs to leave early.
► Why are they encouraged to learn English?
► We can't afford to take a long holiday.
►
► The
infinitive form is always used after
adjectives, for example:
- disappointed, glad, happy, pleased,
relieved, sad, surprised
►I
was happy to help them.
► This includes too + adjective:
► The water was too cold to swim in.
► The infinitive form is used after adjective
+ enough:
► She is rich enough to buy two.
► The
infinitive form is always used after verb
+ object For example:
► He
invited us to go.
► They told me to wait.
► Sarah asked her mother to come.
► Remind Jon to pay his bills.
► The
infinitive form is always used
expressions like the first, the second, the
last, the only and the pronouns who, where,
when, what, how, whose.
► He
was the last to know the secret.
► She is the second to play today.
► We don’t know when to look for it.
► Wise people always know what to do.
► The
infinitive form is always use for
purpose/reason.
► He
studied to pass the test.
► (Why did he study? TO PASS the test.)
► Jane
waited for the waiter to complain.
► (Why did she wait? TO COMPLAIN)
► The
bare infinitive form is always used after
but, except, had better and would rather
For example:
► She
does nothing but cry.
► They should do nothing except wait.
► We’d better hurry.
► I’d rather go home by car.
BARE INFINITIVE = WITHOUT “TO”
When to use gerund
The gerund form is used when the word is the
subject of a sentence or clause:
► Swimming is good exercise.
► Doctors say that smoking is bad for you.
The gerund form is used after a preposition:
► I look forward to meeting you.
► They left without saying "Goodbye."
► The
gerund form is used after certain
verbs:
- avoid, dislike, enjoy, finish, give up,
mind/not mind, practise
►I
dislike getting up early.
► Would you mind opening the window?
► Some
verbs can be followed by the -ing
form or the infinitive without a big change
in meaning: begin, continue, hate, intend,
like, love, prefer, propose, start.
► It
started to rain.
► It started raining.
► I like to play tennis.
► I like playing tennis.
Fill in the blanks with the infinitive or gerund form
► 1.
We like ______ our grandmother on Sundays.
(visit)
► 2. I might want _____ your Science notes.
(borrow)
► 3. My father hates _____a tie to work. (wear)
► 4. We can't afford ______ a vacation this
summer. (take)
► 5. The company was pleased ______ your
thank-you letter. (receive)
► 6.
Would you mind _____ a window? (open)
► 7. My suitcase is light enough _____
myself. (carry)
► 8. She cannot leave the table without
______ her dinner. (finish)
► 9. The music will continue _______until you
turn it off. (play)
► 10. My little brother dislikes ______his hair
brushed. (have)
Now, it is your turn to practice with
the expressions
► Create
a sentence with each verb or
expression