Transcript Ocean

Berachah Bible Institute
Hebrew Grammar I
Chapter 8: Hebrew Pronouns
Hebrew Pronouns
Section 8.1 – Introduction
BBI
Hebrew Grammar I
Some terminology
• Antecedent – The word the pronoun refers back to
• Personal Pronoun – He hit the ball
• Demonstrative Pronoun – That is the ball
In our class, we’ll refer to demonstrative pronouns as
adjectives. We’ll see why in just a moment.
• Relative Pronoun – He hit the ball that I threw
• Interrogative Pronoun – What is his name?
Hebrew Pronouns
Section 8.2 – Independent Personal Pronouns
BBI
Hebrew Grammar I
• Independent – Stands on its own; not attached
• Personal – Stands for a person, whether 1st, 2nd,
or 3rd
 I, we
 You
 he/she/it/they
• Like English, no gender for 1st person
• Unlike English, gender for all 2nd and 3rd person
pronouns
• Unlike English, no neuter third person “it”
BBI
Hebrew Grammar I
Hebrew Pronouns
Section 8.3 – IPP Paradigm
Not easy, but must memorize this chart:
Singular
1 Common
2 Masculine
2 Feminine
3 Masculine
ykinOa',,
ynIa]
hT'a;
T.a;
aWh
Plural
I
Wnx.n:ña]
we
you
~T,a;
ya’ll
you
hn"Teña;
ya’ll
he/it
hM'heñ,
~he
they
Hebrew Pronouns
Section 8.4 – Use of IPP
BBI
Hebrew Grammar I
Often in “noun clauses””
• Supply a “to be” verb
• See examples on page 71
Sometimes in “verbal clauses”
• In English, you usually cannot use a verb
without an explicit subject.
• In Spanish, you can.
“I” you can? as well.
“You”
• In Hebrew,
•Comiste
So, IPP helado
are sometimes
[cf.ice
§8.13]
used with
“ate
cream”
“We”
= Tu comiste
helado
verbs
for
special
emphasis
(see
next
example)
“Ya’ll”
“He” “She”
•T.l.k'_a' !m,v,Þw" vb;²d>W
tl,soô
BBI
Hebrew Grammar I
Hebrew Pronouns
Section 8.4 – Use of IPP (continued)
h['m'_v.nIw> WnM'Þ[i
hT'îa;-rBeD:
~yhiÞl{a/ WnM'²[i
rBEïd:y>-la;w>
and we will listen,
God
with us
you
Speak!
with us
speak
but [let] not
Exod 20:19
Hebrew Pronouns
Section 8.5 – Demonstrative Pronouns
BBI
Hebrew Grammar I
“They may be used either as adjectives or as
pronouns” (pg. 71) – somewhat confusing?
• Strange to say that a pronoun may be used as a
pronoun but may not.
• Adjectives may be used in several different ways:
o Attributive – The red ball
o Substantive – Red is a color
o Predicate – The ball is red
What they mean is it may be used as an attributive adjective, the
other two uses of adjectives being more “noun-like”
• Easier to say that demonstrative pronouns are used
much like adjectives.
Hebrew Pronouns
Section 8.5 – Demonstrative Pronouns
BBI
Hebrew Grammar I
taZO=h; #r<a'äh'-ta, !TEßa,
^ê[]r>z:“l.
• Substantive – Red is a color
‘tyrIB.h;-tAa) tazOÝ
• Attributive – The red ball
• Predicate – The ball is red
Not an important use
Usually only with interrogatives
tyfi_[' taZOæ-hm;
BBI
Hebrew Grammar I
Hebrew Pronouns
Section 8.6 – Demonstrative Paradigm
Easy because similar to IPP Paradigm
Singular
Plural
Masculine
hz<
this
hL,ae
these
Feminine
tazO
this
hL,ae
these
Masculine
aWh
that
Feminine
ayhi
that
hM'heñ,
~he
hN"heñ,
!he
those
those
BBI
Hebrew Grammar I
Hebrew Pronouns
Section 8.6 – Demonstrative Paradigm
Easy because similar to IPP Paradigm
Singular
Plural
Masculine
hz<
this
hL,ae
these
Feminine
tazO
this
hL,ae
these
Masculine
aWh
that
Feminine
ayhi
that
hM'heñ,
~he
hN"heñ,
!he
those
those
BBI
Hebrew Grammar I
Hebrew Pronouns
Section 8.6 – Demonstrative Paradigm
Easy because similar to IPP Paradigm
Singular
Plural
Masculine
hz<
this
hL,ae
these
Feminine
tazO
this
hL,ae
these
Masculine
aWh
that
Feminine
ayhi
that
hM'heñ,
~he
hN"heñ,
!he
those
those
Hebrew Pronouns
Section 8.7 – Use of Demonstratives
Nothing new to learn!
BBI
Hebrew Grammar I
Examples to Come!
• As we said, much like adjectives
• When an adjective or demonstrative pronoun functions
attributively, it follows the modified noun and agrees
with it in gender, number, and definiteness.
• When a demonstrative pronoun functions
substantively it precedes the noun and agrees with it
in gender and number but not definiteness. This is
similar to how predicate adjectives are used.
• A few differences!
o Note predicate adjective use corresponds to substantive pronoun use
o Unlike predicate adjectives, substantive pronouns never follow noun
BBI
Hebrew Grammar I
Hebrew Pronouns
Section 8.8 – Relative Pronoun
A relative clause is a dependent clause that begins
with a relative pronoun and modifies a noun.
In English, there are three relative pronouns:
1) Who
2) That
3) Which
In Hebrew, there is only one:
rv,a]
Hebrew Pronouns
Section 8.9 – Interrogative Pronouns
ymi – Pronounced “Me,” means “Who”
hm' – Pronounced
“Mah,” means “What”
(Also written as hm; and
hm,)
BBI
Hebrew Grammar I
Hebrew Pronouns
Section 8.10 – Interrogative Particle
BBI
Hebrew Grammar I
Learn the form and note the clues on page 76
An example:
she myytixoåa]
sister to me ‘yli-rm;a'(
say
he aWhÜ
Did not
awhiê
al{’h]
Did he not say to me, “She is my sister?”
Hebrew Pronouns
BBI
Hebrew Grammar I
Section 8.11 - Summary
• Know the four types of Hebrew
pronouns: Independent Personal,
Demonstrative, Relative, Interrogative
• Know the two charts on page 77.
• Know the Hebrew relative and
interrogative pronouns
• Be able to translate simple
phrases as on pgs. 73-74
BBI
Hebrew Grammar I
Reminder
• After chapter 7, you know 53% of all OT words
• After chapter 8, you will know 58% of all OT
words (thanks, in part, to rv,a])
• Don’t forget to be doing journal (turn in @ end)
• Vocabulary and Grammar Quiz this week.
• Turn in Midterm
BBI
Hebrew Grammar I
Hebrew Pronouns
Example #1
David
dwI)d" ybiîa] yv;ÞyIybia] aWhï
[the] father [of]
Jesse
[the] father [of]
He [is]
3 ms IPP in noun clause (i.e., no verb)
Ruth 4:17
BBI
Hebrew Grammar I
Hebrew Pronouns
Example #2
vae_B' ~h,Þyhel{a/-ta,
Wnðt.n"w>
into the fire
their gods
they
And they
gave (= cast)
[DDOM]
gods
not
for
hM'heª ~yhiøl{a/ al{’ •yKi
3 mp IPP in noun clause (i.e., no verb)
2 Kings 19:18
BBI
Hebrew Grammar I
Hebrew Pronouns
Example #3
~d"_a' tdoßl.AT rp,seê
hz<å
Adam
of the generations of
[the] book
This
Substantive use of ms demonstrative
pronoun (precedes noun)
Genesis 5:1
BBI
Hebrew Grammar I
Hebrew Pronouns
Example #4
our fathers
they listened
not
Wnyteªboa] W[øm.v'-al{)
hZ<ëh; rp,Seäh; ‘yrEb.DIl[;
the this
the book
Attributive use of ms demonstrative pronoun
(follows noun, matches in definiteness)
the words of on (=to)
2 Kings 22:13
Hebrew Pronouns
BBI
Hebrew Grammar I
Example #5
You know noun form, this is the related verb
taZO*h; hb'ÞAJh;-ta, ^êD>b.[;-la,(
‘rBed:T.w:
the this (fs)
the good (fs) [DDOM] your servant to
And you spoke
Attributive use of fs demonstrative pronoun
(follows noun, agrees in definiteness)
2 Samuel 7:28
BBI
Hebrew Grammar I
Hebrew Pronouns
Example #6
You know noun form, this is the related verb
[DDOM]
3msx
hf,([/a,¥ Atïao hw"ßhy> rBEïd:y>rv,a] lKo±
I must do
Yahweh
speaks
that
All
Relative Pronoun (can you
identify the relative clause
and the noun it modifies?)
Numbers 23:26
BBI
Hebrew Grammar I
Hebrew Pronouns
Example #7
^yn<ëp'l. ‘#r<a'’h'-lk'
al{Üh]
before you
the land
all
not
?
Interrogative Pronoun
Genesis 13:9