Transcript Parts of Speech Review (PowerPoint)

Parts of Speech Review
In your texts pages 6-29
(You’ll learn to love these PowerPoints.)
Nouns
(if you don’t know most of this already, I’m going to cry.)
• Types of Nouns
– Person – students,
teacher, Mr. Hepworth,
Shakespeare
– Place – school, Iowa,
home
– Thing – yard stick,
belt, referral
– Idea – sadness, love,
surprise
• More Types of Nouns
– Common – bridge,
river
– *Proper – Tim,
Waterford
– Concrete – shoe, car
– Abstract – truth, love,
beauty
– Singular – detention
– Plural - detentions
*Pet peeve alert! I hate the fact that texting seems to
have made some of you forget how to capitalize your own
names!
Personal Pronouns
(Pay attention here, this is important)
• A pronoun is a word used in place of a
noun or another pronoun
• An antecedent is the word that a pronoun
replaces
– Ex. Tim forgot his book in his locker and so
was given 10 Saturday detentions.
Antecedent
Pronoun
Personal Pronouns
Singular
Plural
*First Person
I, me
(my, mine)
we, us
(our, ours)
*Second Person
you
(your, yours)
you
(your, yours)
Third Person
he, him, she, her,
it
(his, her, hers, its)
they, them
(their, theirs)
Big Tip! When you are writing papers in this class you may NOT use
first or second person personal pronouns!
Other Kinds of Pronouns
• Reflexive Pronouns: reflects the subject of the
sentence – there will always be at least one
word between a reflexive pronoun and its
antecedent.
– Ex. Luke Skywalker made himself a lightsaber.
• Intensive Pronoun: emphasizes a noun or
pronoun in the same sentence – almost always
comes right after its antecedent.
– Ex. Luke Skywalker himself blew up the Death Star.
• Reflexive and intensive pronouns are formed by
adding –self or –selves to personal pronouns.
Other Kinds of Pronouns
• Demonstrative Pronouns: point out
specific things: this, these, that, and those
– Ex. I prefer my chair to that over there.
• Indefinite Pronouns: refer to things not
specifically identified – usually don’t have
antecedents – another, nothing, on, both,
all, any, more, etc.
– Ex. Everyone loves Star Wars!
Other Kinds of Pronouns
• Interrogative Pronoun: introduces a
question – who, whom, whose, which,
what
– Ex. Who is Luke Skywalker?
• Relative Pronoun: introduces a noun or
adjective clause – who, whom, whose,
which, that
– Ex. Luke Skywalker, who is the coolest person
ever, flies in space.
Verbs
Expresses an action, a condition, or a state of
being.
• Action Verb: expresses an…action!
– Transitive verb: takes an object
– Object: noun that receives the action
– Ex. Timmy kicked the cat.
• The cat is the object because it is the thing being kicked.
– In transitive verb: does not take an object.
– Ex. Mr. Hepworth snores at night.
Verbs (This is the really important one that no one seems to
know.)
• Linking Verbs: a verb that links the subject
to a word in the predicate.
– Two forms of linking verbs
– Forms of to be
• is, am, are, was, were, been, being
• Ex. Star Wars is the coolest movie ever. Period.
– Verbs that express condition
• look, smell, feel, sound, taste, seem, etc.
• Ex. Darth Vader looks scary.
Verbs
Helping Verbs (or Auxiliary Verbs) and Verb
Phrases
• Helping verbs combine with other verbs to
create verb phrases
• Verb phrases express a tense
• Ex. I will be getting a lightsaber for
Christmas this year.
Adjectives
An adjective modifies the meaning of a noun
or pronoun.
• Ex. Green lightsabers, five lightsabers,
etc.
Articles: a, an, the
Proper adjectives: formed from proper
nouns, capitalized
• Shakespearean, Jamaican, etc.
Adverbs
An adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or
another adverb.
Often (but not always) ends in –ly.
• Ex. Mike scrambled quickly from the bee
hive.
• Ex. He was extremely upset.
• He had knocked down the hive quite
accidentally.
Prepositions
Memorize ‘em! There are many more…memorize
‘em all! (pg 23 in your text)
About
Before
Down
Of
To
Above
Behind
From
On
Under
After
Beside
In
Out
Up
Along
Over
Upon
As
Betwee Into
n
By
Like
Since
With
At
Despite Near
Through With
Prepositional Phrases
A preposition shows the relationship between a
noun and another word in the sentence.
A prepositional phrase starts with the preposition
and ends with the next noun which is called the
object of the preposition.
Ex. Luke Skywalker is the coolest person in the
galaxy.
object of the preposition
preposition
Conjunctions
A conjunction connect words together.
• Coordinating conjunction: FANBOYS: for,
and, nor, but, or, yet, so – memorize it!
• Correlative Conjunctions: Ex. both…and,
neither…nor, either…or, not only…but
also.
• There are two more types of conjunctions,
but we’ll get to those later in the year.
Interjections
An interjection is a word or phrase the
expresses a feeling.
• A strong interjection (Stop!) is followed by
an exclamation point.
• A mild interjections (Oh,) is followed by a
comma.
– Ex. Wow! This was the most exciting slide
ever!
– Ex. Um, not really.