Transcript 8 Parts of Speech

8 Parts of Speech
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2.
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8.
Noun
Pronouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs
Prepositions
Conjunctions
Interjections
Nouns (p. L39)
A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea. Nouns answer
the who or what in the sentence.
There are 6 types of nouns:
1. concrete – name people, places, and things you
can usually touch or see
2. abstract – name ideas & qualities
3. common – names any person, place, or thing
4. proper – names a particular person, place or
thing (ALL proper nouns begin with a capital letter)
5. compound – noun that includes more than one
word; EX. living room, home run, break-in,
birdhouse, crosswalk
6. collective – names a group of people or things;
EX. band, committee, league, family
Pronouns (p. L47)
A pronoun is a word that takes the place of one or
more nouns.
Personal Pronouns:
1st person – I, me, my, mine, we, us,
our, ours
2nd person: you, your, yours
3rd person: he, him, his, she, her,
hers, it, its, they, them, their, theirs
Pronoun Antecedents
A pronoun antecedent is the noun a
pronoun refers to or replaces in a
sentence.
Ex. Dion said he couldn’t go to the zoo.
Pronoun = he
Pronoun antecedent = Dion
Pronoun Practice p. L47-48
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Juanita brought her camera on the trip
to the zoo.
Steve asked Juanita to take a picture of
him.
Linda said, “I enjoy the reptiles.”
Gretchen and Margo said they were
looking for the penguins.
Ms. Jackson told Henry that she liked to
watch the monkeys.
Pronouns (cont’d)
Reflexive/Intensive pronouns refer to or emphasize
another noun or pronoun.
EX: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself,
ourselves, yourselves, themselves
Indefinite pronouns refer to unnamed people, places,
things or ideas.
EX: another, anybody, anyone, anything, each,
either, everybody, everyone, everything,
much, neither, nobody, no one, one,
somebody, someone, something, both, few,
many, others, several, all, any, most, none, some
Pronoun Practice p. L52-53
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3.
In the early 1840s, adventurous settlers
readied themselves for the overland trip
to the West.
Life in the Oregon country held new
promise for them.
The settlers themselves could never
have anticipated all the hardships they
encountered on the two-thousand mile
Oregon Trail.
Pronouns (cont’d)
Demonstrative pronouns point out a specific
person, place, thing, or idea.
EX. this, that, these, those
Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions.
EX. what, which, who, whom, whose
Pronoun Practice p. L57
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Who is going to the dance on Saturday?
That is the most important question on
our minds.
This is my outfit for the dance.
Of all my shoes, these will match my
dress best.
What is the first song going to be?
Verbs p. L69

A verb is a word that expresses action or
a state of being.

An action verb tells what action a subject
is performing.
◦ Action verbs show physical and mental action
or show ownership
Verbs p. L69

A verb phrase includes a main verb plus
any helping, or auxiliary, verbs.
◦ Ex. The whales will have migrated by
October.
◦ The students could certainly learn more
about the sea.
◦ Should our class visit the ocean?
◦ I have never seen a killer whale.
Helping Verbs p. L70

There are 23 most common helping
verbs.
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◦
◦
◦
be: am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been
have: has, have, had
do: do, does, did
Others: may, might, must, can, could, shall,
should, will, would
Verb Practice p. L70-71
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4.
Dr. Lilly, a scientist from California, has
been experimenting with dolphins for
many years.
He has made some curious claims about
them.
Dolphins have larger brains than
humans.
Their language contains at least fifty
thousand words.
Verb Practice p. L71
5. Their brains can handle four different
conversations at one time.
6. They can also judge between right and
wrong.
7. Dolphins can remember sounds and
series of sounds.
8. They can even communicate among
themselves.
Linking Verbs (“to be” verbs)
p. L75

A linking verb links the subject with
another word in the sentence. The other
word either renames or describes the
subject.
Common Forms of Be
Be, is, am, are, was, were
 Shall be, will be, can be, could be, should
be, would be, may be, might be
 Have been, has been, had been, could have
been, should have been, may have been,
might have been, must have been

Additional Linking Verbs p. L76
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Appear
Become
Feel
Grow
Look
Remain
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Seem
Smell
Sound
Stay
Taste
Turn
Linking Verb Practice p. L76-77
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My childhood on the farm was
great.
Childhood memories should be
happy for everyone.
My mother had been a city girl.
My father could have been a doctor.
Instead, he was a farmer.
Linking Verb Practice p. L77
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The weather suddenly turned colder.
The sky looks dark today.
The clouds have grown thicker.
The gentle breeze became a strong
wind.
The raindrops felt cold against my skin.
The dog appeared quite upset.
The thunder sounded very loud.
Homework
 Complete
Pronoun & Verbs handouts
◦ Due Tuesday
Adjectives/Adverbs
ADJECTIVES P. L91 – L101
Word that modifies a noun or pronoun
 Describing words
 Questions adjectives answer:
◦ What kind?
◦ Which one(s)?
◦ How many?
◦ How much?
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Adjectives cont’d
Articles are also adjectives: a, an, the
 Pronouns may be used as adjectives

◦ Ex. I think her graphic will certainly win a
prize.

Demonstrative, interrogative and
indefinite pronouns can act as adjectives.
◦ In order for these pronouns to be adjectives, a noun
must follow the pronoun.
 Ex. These boots are too large for me. (Adjective)
 Ex. These are too large for me. (Pronoun)
Adjective practice
1.
Laura bought a blue blouse with white
trimmings.
2.
Several athletes complained about the
old stadium.
ADJECTIVE EXAMPLES
3. The writer, tall and impressive,
entered the auditorium.
4. Each one in the class will develop
an original project.
ADJECTIVE PRACTICE
5. This short story by Pearl Buck has a surprise
ending.
6. If you are interested, I will show you my camera.
ADVERBS P. L104-L110
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Modify adjectives, verbs, and other
adverbs
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Questions adverbs answer:
Where?
When?
How?
To what extent?
Many end in –ly; however, many do not.
(See chart p. L 104)
◦ Ex. Afterward, almost, alone, fast, hard, here,
just, too, very, well, rather, sometimes,
somewhere
Adverb Examples
1. At the debate, you must speak clearly.
2. I almost finished my homework in an
hour.
Adverb Examples
3. I have often wondered about her past.
4. We have changed our minds completely.
Adverb Examples
5. Our team plays hard.
6. I am not surprised.
Adjective & Adverb Homework
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October 19th Assignment:
In BK grammar book:
◦ P. L92-L93 (1-10)
◦ P. L95-96 (1-12)
◦ P. L97-L98 (1-10)
◦ P. L101 (1-10)
◦ P. L110-L111 (1-20)
Due Friday, October 23rd
◦ If you are struggling with these exercises, you need to
attend BLAST. Remember, BLAST is offered Monday –
Thursday in room 142
PREPOSITIONS p. L125-L131

A word that shows the relationship between a
noun or a pronoun and another word in the
sentence
◦ EX. The letter to Lori was lost.
 Preposition = to
 Shows a relationship between Lori and the letter
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Review list of prepositions on p. L125
◦ EX. The letter to Lori was lost.
 Preposition = to
 Shows a relationship between Lori and the letter
4 Uses of Prepositions
1. Location: Many prepositions tell where
something is in relation to something else.
Example: The cat hid under the tree.
Other popular prepositions that show location
are: in, on, inside, above and near.
4 Uses of Prepositions
2. Direction/Action: Other prepositions tell
where something is going.
Example: The car drove to the café.
3. Time: A few prepositions help to tell time in
a sentence.
Example: During the race, Bob’s
shoelace came untied.
4 Uses of Prepositions
4. Relationship: Other prepositions show
the relationship between a noun (or
pronoun) and another word.
Example: That poem was written by
Edgar Allen Poe.
Prepositions
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A preposition that is made up of two or
more words is called a compound
preposition.
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Review list of common compound
prepositions on p. L126.
Prepositional Phrases p. L127

A prepositional phrase begins with a
preposition and ends with a noun or a
pronoun (object of the preposition).
◦ EX. England is the setting of this suspenseful
mystery.
 Preposition = of
 Noun = mystery
 Prepositional phrase = of this suspenseful
mystery
Preposition Practice
1.
I placed the lawn mower in a corner of
the garage.
2.
During the spring, I often visit a flower
show.
Preposition Practice
3.
A man from the IRS called father at
home.
4.
She finally agreed in spite of her original
protests.
Preposition Practice
5.
Father is not terribly worried about
them.
6.
A group of students demonstrated in
front of the building.
Homework (due Tuesday)

Complete “Preposition Practice” handout

Grammar quiz over all parts of speech
Friday, 11/14
CONJUNCTIONS p. L132
 Connects
words or groups of
words
2
types: coordinating &
correlative
Coordinating Conjunctions

FANBOYS:
For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
Correlative Conjunctions
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Pairs of connecting words
◦
◦
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Both/and
Either/or
Neither/nor
Not only/But so
Whether/or
INTERJECTIONS p. L135
A word that expresses strong feeling or
emotion
 Followed by an exclamation point (!) or
comma (,)
 Express feelings such as joy or anger
 Generally at the beginning of a sentence

◦ Ex. Oh, did you see that pass?
 Interjection = Oh
Parts of Speech Review