Transcript DGP Monday - Seckman High School

---DGP Instructions---
MONDAY:
Parts of Speech
Steps for Mondays
• 1. Find and label all nouns. Be aware of gerunds or
infinitives acting as nouns.
• 2. Find and label all pronouns. Tell “person” and type
if personal.
• 3. Locate any adjectives that describe nouns or
pronouns. Be aware of participles. Also label articles.
• 4. Find and label the verb(s) or verb phrase(s),
including helping verbs. Tell type and tense.
• 5. Locate any adverbs that describe verbs, adjectives,
or adverbs.
• 6. Locate any prepositions.
• 7. Check to see if there are any conjunctions.
• 8. Check to see if there are any interjections.
NOUNS – Label Common (n)
and Proper (N)
• Keep in mind that nouns can be PERSONS,
PLACES, THINGS, or IDEAS (abstract concepts)
• Person: girl, Suzy
• Place: school, Mizzou
• Thing: pencil, World Trade Center
• Idea:
democracy, freedom, espionage,
thought, belief
PRONOUNS – Label type; if personal,
label 1st, 2nd, 3rd and type
• PERSONAL:
• 1st = me, I, mine, my, our, we,
• 2nd = you, your, yours
• 3rd = his, her, their, him, he, she, they, it
• TYPE:
• Nominative = in the subject form (I, We, He, She, They)
• Objective = in the object form (Me, Us, Him, Her, Them)
• Possessive = showing ownership or possession
(My, Our, His, Her, Their)
PRONOUNS – continued:
• Demonstrative: demonstrates which one
• Only 4 of them: this, that, these, those
• Reflexive: reflects back on the self
• Anything ending with –self or –selves
• Interrogative: asks a question
• Who? Whose? Whom? Which? What?
• Indefinite: doesn’t refer to a definite person or
thing
• each, either, some, all, most, few, neither, several,
many, none, one, -body, -thing, -one, both, any, many,
other, another, much, more, etc.
• Relative: starts adjective dependent clause
• Only 5 of them: that, which, who, whom, whose
ADJECTIVES and ADVERBS
• ADJECTIVES:
– Describe NOUNS and
PRONOUNS
– Answer questions like
• Which one?
• How much? How many?
• What kind?
– ARTICLES – there are 3:
• a, an, the
– Proper Adjectives:
• Proper noun used as an
adjective: American flag
• Will always be capitalized
• ADVERBS:
– Describe VERBS (walk
slowly), ADJECTIVES
(very pretty), and other
ADVERBS (very quickly)
– Answer questions like
•
•
•
•
Where?
When?
How?
To what extent?
– Always, Not, & Never are
common adverbs
– Tend to end in –ly often
VERBS: Show action or help make a statement
• Two types:
– ACTION: Shows mental or physical action
– LINKING: Links two words together
• Common ones: am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been
• Can be action or linking: taste, feel, seem, grow, appear, become, look,
remain, sound, stay, turn
• Both types can have a helping verb:
– HELPING: One or more words that help the main verb and form
a verb phrase
• Can be helping: am, is , are, was, were, be, being, been
• Always helping: can, could, do, did, does, has, have, had, may, might,
must, shall, should, will, would
• Tell type and tense for main verb (last in line)
• Helping verbs can help you determine the tense (see your chart!)
Prepositions and Interjections
• PREPOSITION: Shows
the relationship
between a noun or
pronoun and some
other word in the
sentence
• Common preps: of, on,
to, in, at, with, for, after,
until, by, from, over,
down, about, since, off
• INTERJECTIONS: Show
excitement or emotion
but are separate from
the rest of the sentence
• Usually separated with
an exclamation point or
a comma
• Common ones: Oh!
Wow! Well, Hey, Yes,
No, Cool! Nice!
Conjunction:
Joins words, phrases, and clauses
• Coordinating (cc): most common – FANBOYS:
– For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet So
• Subordinating (sc): starts adv. dependent clauses
– Must be followed by a subject and a verb
– After, since, because, while, as, if, as if, before, when, although,
until, when, whenever, so that, even though, etc.
• Correlative (cor conj): have a partner or “relative”
– Not only/but also, both/and, either/or, neither/nor, whether/or
• Noun Clause Identifier (nci): starts noun dep. Clauses
– That, who, whether, why, what, how, when, where, whom, etc.
• Conjunctive Adverb (conj adv):
– adverb that connects 2 clauses & must have a semicolon
– However, then, therefore, also, furthermore, nevertheless, thus,etc.
Verbal: formed from a verb, but acts
like a noun, adjective or adverb
• Gerund (ger): verb acting like a noun
– Ends in –ing
– Swimming is fun. I love drawing.
• Participle (part): verb acting like an adjective
– Ends in – ing or –ed (or other past tense ending)
– I have running shoes. It’s an unspoken rule.
• Infinitive (inf): verb acting like a noun, adj. or adv.
– To + a verb
– To run is my dream. I love to swim.
• Each one can also be in a phrase
– Swimming in the ocean is fun. To run in a race is my goal.
– Frightened of the dark, I ran to my car.