Transcript Active / Passive Voice

Basic Parts of Speech Quick Review
•Noun: Person, place, thing, idea
Florida is known for tourism, sunshine, and fun.
•Pronoun: noun shortcuts
The governor made his speech and it was long.
•Verb: Action or state of being
The speech lasted until noon. It was inspiring.
• Adjective: Modifies a noun (beautiful,
windy)
Yes, the long speech was inspiring.
• Adverb: Modifies a verb, adjective or other
adverb
The governor moved very quickly from the
podium and gracefully entered the building.
IDENTIFY THE NOUNS, PRONOUNS, VERBS,
ADJECTIVES, AND ADVERBS IN EACH SENTENCE.
Very old eagles fly with their young.
The excited toddler quickly opened her present.
The hungry dog ate its bone greedily.
PREPOSITIONS
A PREPOSITION is a word that shows the relationship
of a noun or pronoun to another word. It usually tells
where or when.
EXAMPLE: The squirrel ran (to, up, on,
down, over, toward, under) the tree.
A prepositional phrase includes a
preposition, the object of the
preposition, & any modifiers of that
object.
Over the river and through the woods to
Grandmother’s house we go.
I left my shoes on the staircase in the
attic.
Locate the Prepositional phrases.
1 She found her jacket in the closet.
2. Painted on one wall was an enormous
picture.
3. The picture reached above the second
story.
4. It showed an eighteenth-century man
in a white shirt.
5. The picture was painted by a local
artist.
Appositives & Appositive Phrases
Appositive: a noun or pronoun placed beside
another noun to identify or describe it.
Example: Mrs. Smith, my teacher, gave us a test
today.
Appositive Phrase: an appositive and any
modifiers (describing or changing words) it has.
Janet, my best friend in the world, is moving
away.
[The appositive phrase identifies the noun
Janet.]
An aviation student with lots of talent,
Mary, flew yesterday. [The appositive phrase
describes the noun Mary.]
Locate the appositive phrase
1. Dorothy Parker, the poet and short-story
writer, is remembered for her wit.
2. A college education, a dream of many, is a
worthy pursuit.
3. The gold ring, a family heirloom, was given
to my grandmother by her mother.
4. Our family car, a rusty 1981 station wagon,
still runs well despite its age.
5. Charon, the tiny moon of Pluto, is named
for a character in Greek mythology.
PRONOUNS AS SUBJECTS AND OBJECTS
• Nominative Case - When the pronoun is the subject of
the sentence (doing the action)
Ex - He gave John the radio.
• Objective Case - When the pronoun
is the object of the sentence
(receiving the action)
Ex - John gave him the radio
Nominative Case
(subject)
Objective Case
(object)
I
He
She
They
We
Who
Me
Him
Her
Them
Us
Whom
___ drove the car.
The car was driven
by _____.
• NOTE: If you have a prepositional phrase, the
pronoun in that phrase MUST be in the
objective case.
The dog sat between (he and I) (him and me).
Which is the
correct choice?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The traffic officer gave Don and (I, me) a stern
lecture.
Did you know that Jon and (we, us) were
arranging the picnic?
Between you and (I, me), video games are my
hobby.
(He, Him) and (I, me) are the friendliest people
around town.
There has always been a friendship between Mary
and (I, me).
• Pronoun Complements - when the pronoun
may be switched with the subject without
changing the meaning of the sentence.
She is the first contestant in the pageant
The first contestant in the pageant is she.
He is the loser.
The loser is he.
1. It must have been (they, them) who were
sitting behind us.
2. There are (she, her) and Amy, standing by
the road.
3. If I were (she, her), I wouldn’t leave (he,
him) alone.
4. The last to arrive were Greta and (I, me).
5. Fortunately, (she, her) and not her sister was
behind the wheel last night.
PRONOUNS IN COMPARISONS
• The words than and as are used frequently to
make comparisons.
No one is as funny as she is funny.
Ernie was more surprised than we were
surprised.
• Sometimes, the comparisons
are not completely stated.
Did Jon get paid more than they? {got paid}
• Do you have as much freedom as (she, her)?
• No one was happier than (I, me) at the news
of your rescue.
• Were you as bothered as much as (I, me) by
the traffic jam?
• Luke is better at baking than (she, her).
• Though we look the same age, Ed is actually
two years older than (I, me).
• Lyle was more concerned about capsizing
than (he, him).
Subject - Verb Agreement
A SUBJECT (noun or pronoun doing the
action) must agree in number with its verb.
Singular subjects take on singular verbs
Example: Shakespeare was a talented poet.
Plural subjects take plural verbs.
Example: His poems are read by millions of
people
Cover up any interrupting phrases.
This book of poems is very special to me.
1. The city of Buenos Aires (is, are) the capital of
Argentina.
2. Today, almost nine million citizens (lives, live) in
the city and its environs.
3. The lovely flowers in the vase (need, needs)
watering.
4. The historic building Casa Rosada (stands, stand)
there.
6. Facts and a good photograph (teach,
teaches) us about disasters.
7. In science class, my friends and I (is, are)
reading about disasters.
8. Each day either Mr. Simms or students
(present, presents) information on a
disaster.
9. A tornado and a tidal wave (is, are) classified
as natural disasters.
10.Earthquakes and floods (fall, falls) into the
same category.
Indefinite Pronouns: refer to a person, place, thing,
or idea that may or may not be specifically named.
Singular: Anybody, anyone, anything, each, either,
neither, everybody, everyone, everything,
someone,
Plural:
both, few, many, several
Depends on sentence: all, many, more, most,
none, some
Example:
Most of the job was finished.
Most of the jobs were finished.
COMPOUND SUBJECTS: Subjects joined by and
usually take the plural verb unless the compound
subject is one entity.
Turkey and dressing ARE my
favorite foods on Thanksgiving.
Ice Cream IS my favorite dessert.
1. Neither of the candidates (has, have)
run for office before.
2. Most of the soup (was, were) gone.
3. None of the athletes (was, were) tired
after the tournament.
4. A few of the volunteers for the job
(was, were) selected.
5. (Have, Has) all of the cheese been
eaten?
ANTECEDENT: The word or group of words to
which a pronoun refers or replaces.
The Senate passed its first bill of the year.
Colleen’s friends gave up their free time.
PRONOUN AGREEMENT
Make sure plural pronouns
have plural referents and
singular pronouns have
singular referents.
• Roommates should share their cleaning
responsibilities.
• A roommate should share his or her cleaning
responsibilities.
Make sure the antecedent of a pronoun is
clearly stated:
VAGUE: The people who lost their dogs
stayed in their yards hoping they would
return.
Watch out for switching points of view!
Faulty: If a student is late, you must get an
office pass.
Improved: If a student is late, he or she must
get an office pass.
Indefinite pronouns (anybody, anyone, each, either,
everybody, everyone, everything, neither, none, no one,
someone, something). Even though some of these seem to
have plural meaning, treat them as singular.
Faulty: When someone has been drinking, they will
usually speed.
Improved: When someone has been drinking, he or
she will usually speed.
Faulty: In class, each gives their best effort.
Improved: In class, each gives his or her best effort.
1. Would anyone like to have (their / his or her) dessert
outside?
2. If someone asks for me, send (them / him or her) to my
home.
3. A roommate should share ( their / his or her) food.
4. In class, each gives ( their / his or her ) best effort.
5. Mark and Kim ate ( their / his or her) pizza.
6. The teachers gave ( his or her / their) exams on the
same days.
7. Everyone should take ( his or her / their ) time getting to
school.
Misplaced Modifiers
• Modifiers - words that describe or change
the meaning of another word. Modifiers
should point clearly to the words they
modify:
• Put limiting modifiers (only, even) in front of
the words they modify:
EX: I couldn’t even touch my toes.
Our team scored only once.

Place phrases so that readers can see what
they modify:
Incorrect:
The robber was a six-foot tall
man with a heavy mustache
weighing 150 pounds.

Avoid lengthy detours between subject, verb,
and direct object.
Incorrect: Many students have, by the time
they reach their senior year, completed all the
graduation requirements.
• The old woman bumped into a bench walking
her dog.
• The girls fled from the house noticeably
upset.
• Oranges have a better flavor that come from
California.
• Grandma called the police scared by the
strange noise.
• Bill wants a hamburger and coffee cooked
well done.
Dangling Modifiers
• A dangling modifier fails to refer logically to
any word in the sentence. They are usually
phrases that suggest but do not name an
actor.
Upon seeing the barricade, our car screeched
to a halt.
To fix a dangling modifier, name the actor or
turn the modifier into a group of words that
name the actor.
Faulty:
Upon entering the doctor’s office, a skeleton
caught my attention.
Improved:
As I entered the doctor’s office,
a skeleton caught my attention.
• Turning the corner, a beautiful sunset
could be seen.
• Closing the car trunk, her keys had been
misplaced.
• Announcing the winners, Bob spoke in a
hushed voice.
Active / Passive Voice
ACTIVE VOICE - This is when the subject
performs an action:
Active voice is
much more
John drove the car.
lively
PASSIVE VOICE –
This is when the subject is acted upon:
The car was driven by John.
Notice the linking verb!
Directions: Change the passive sentences to
active sentences.
Water quality is determined by many factors.
Revision
Many factors determine the water quality.
The hamburger was eaten by the hungry boy.
Revision
The hungry boy ate the hamburger.
1. The scissors were used quickly and expertly
by the hairdresser.
2. Cheers were shouted by the crowd when
the team won the game.
3. A man was seen at the intersection calmly
crossing against the light.
4. The fight was not noticed by the
administration and continued for over an
hour.
5. Warnings were called by the police officers
as people were speeding down the street.
The Comma
• Use a comma when you have 2 complete
thoughts joined by a conjunction (and, or, but,
for)
Caffeine can keep coffee drinkers alert, and
it may elevate their mood.
• Use a comma to set off phrases attached to
complete thoughts:
With a powerful thud, the book fell to the
floor.
Use a comma…
• To set off nonessential elements:
The company, which is located in Maine, has a
good reputation.
• To separate items in a series:
I went to the store to buy eggs, milk, and pie.
• Between 2 or more adjectives modifying the
same word: She has a sleek, shiny car.
1. Actors actresses and filmmakers greatly influence the lives of many
people.
2. Bette Davis a famous and talented actress was the first woman to receive
the Life Achievement Award.
3. In the movie Mr. Skeffington Davis played a selfish unloving character.
4. Meryl Streep is known for her great acting ability and she is labeled as
one of the finest in her craft.
5. Several actors even though successful in college leave school to act.
6. The screenwriter Joan Tewkesberry wrote several screenplays for many
actors.
7. Many actors pursue directing producing and scriptwriting.
8. Because many actors influence each other they are all considered
significant.
1. Mary was strongly discouraged to practice
gymnastics however, she won several awards for her abilities.
2. People who eat candy may become overweight people who eat
vegetables may perhaps remain thin.
3. All the trees were conifers therefore, they were cone-bearing
evergreens.
4. Mark Twain attached the preceding notice to Huckleberry Finn he
felt that too much analysis of art made it less enjoyable.
5. Many artists live and work in Dallas, Texas Orlando, Florida and
Hollywood, California.
6. We must remember that art is not a form of advertising it is a
form of truth.
The Colon :
Colons should be used in the following situations:
1. When making lists
USE A COLON TO INTRODUCE A LIST,
ESPECIALLY AFTER A STATEMENT THAT
USES SUCH WORDS AS THESE, THE
FOLLOWING, OR AS FOLLOWS.
To make a good sandwich, you need the following
ingredients: peanut butter, jelly, and bread.
Note that your introductory statement is a complete sentence
2. To introduce material that explains or
restates the preceding material
You can see how cold the winters are in
Alaska: On a windy morning your breath
freezes into ice crystals in front of your face.
3.
To introduce a long or formal quotation
Lincoln began the Gettysburg Address with these famous words:
“Four score and seven years ago....”
Activity- Add colons where they are needed.
1. There are three animals which make good pets cats, dogs, and fish.
2. Among the natural rights of the colonists are these a right to life, a right to
liberty, and a right to property.
3. There are three faithful friends a good spouse, an old dog, and ready
money.
4. Poet Karl Shapiro and composer Aaron Copland have something in
common. Each won a Pulitzer Prize.
5. Dorothy Parker asked to have this engraved on her tombstone “Excuse my
dust.”