Transcript Operating Systems Review

Operating Systems Review
5 Purposes of an Operating System
 Provide User Interface
 Communicate with Hardware
 Create and Manage a File System
 Network Support
 Provide Structure to Support Applications
Installation
Partitions
 Every disk needs at least 1
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partition to install an
operating system
Formatting a partition will
allow you to install an
operating system (NTFS,
FAT16, etc)
Max Number of Partitions on
Basic Disc is 4!
Primary and Secondary
Partitions
Active Partitions
Active Partitions
 This is where the OS system files are
 Motherboard looks for the active partition to begin running
or booting the OS
 boot.ini is the file that windows uses to declare where the
systems are.
Extended Partition
 Doesn’t hold an operating system
 Basic Disc
 Logical Drives
 Basically large named folders in the Extended Partition
Basic vs. Dynamic Disks
 Uses NTFS or FAT32 file systems
 Can create primary partitions or active partition
 Dynamic Disk – unknown file system (Microsoft won’t tell
anyone how it works)
File Systems
 NTFS
 FAT16
 FAT32
FAT16
 The Primary Partition can only be up to 2 GB
 File names can only be 8 characters
 File extensions can only be 3 characters
FAT32
 32 GB Size Hard drives (Basically)
 Used mostly with Windows 98, 2000 and some XP
 No security available
NTFS
 New Technology File System
 Nice long file name and extensions
 Supports file encryption (You still have to have at least XP
Pro)
 Most common file system used today
Windows Requirements
 Size of Disk Space
 RAM
 Processing Speed/Processor
 Video/Monitor Support
Windows XP Requirements
 Minimum
 Recommended
 233 MHz Processor
 300 MHz Processor
 64 MB RAM
 128 MB RAM
 1.5 GB HDD Space
 1.5 GB HDD Space
 CD-ROM/DVD-ROM
 CD-ROM/DVD-ROM
 Super VGA (800 x 600)
 Super VGA (800 x 600)
Windows Vista Requirement
 Home Basic
 Other Versions
 800 MHz Processor
 1 GHz Processor
 512 MB Memory
 1 GB System Memory
 Direct X (graphics api)
 Direct X
 20 GB HDD Space
 40 GB HDD Space
 DVD drive
 DVD drive
Windows 7 Requirements
 32 Bit Processor
 64 Bit Processor
 1 GHz Processor
 1 GHz Processor
 1 GB RAM
 2 GB RAM
 16 GB HDD Space
 20 GB HDD Space
 Direct X9
 Direct X9
Installation Menu
 Options
 Install
 Repair
 Exit
Installation process
 Partition the Drive
 Format the Partition
 Unpack the Installation Files
 Install the Operating System
 Set – up Time and Date and Language
 Enter your Product Key
 Set-up an Administrative User
 Activate ?
 If you don’t activate Windows, after 30 days you are locked out
Serial Number
 CD Key
 Product Key
 This is used to unlock your software
Activation
 Must be done with in 30 days or you are locked out
 Activate over the internet if you have an internet connection
 Active by calling their 1-800 number with your product key
Maintenance
Control Panel
Administrative Tools
 Performance
 See how your cpu, ram and
other devices are running
 Computer Management
 Disk Managment
 Device Manager
 Disk Defragmenter
 Services
 See what services are
running and their settings
Display
 Screensaver
 Desktop
 Background Picture
 Settings
 Resolution
 Dual Monitors
 Appearance
 Colors of windows, etc.
System Settings
 This is your basic System
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Properties
You can also get to this from
right-clicking My Computer
See your RAM, CPU, and OS
properties
Device Manager
Remote
 Get to Remote Assistant and
Remote Desktop Settings
Power Options
 Power Schemes
 Alarms
 Power Meter
 Advanced
 Hibernate
Power Schemes
Advanced – Power Options
Hibernate – Power Options
Save the state of the
computer to the hard
drive and shuts everything
down.
Users
 Standard
 Can install
 Can’t mess with System files
 Restricted
 Can’t Install Programs
 Power User
 Have most administrative priviledges
 Administrator
 Complete Unrestrict access
 Guest
 Like a Standard user, no saving though
Security
Add / Remove Programs
 Duh!
Automatic Updates
 Automatic Update On
 Download and Install
 Download Automatically –let me choose when to install
 Don’t Download Automatically, show me a list and let me
choose
 Automatic Update Off
Folder Options
 Show/Hide Folders and Files
 Change Programs that are associated with different file
extensions
Printers and Faxes
 Add a Printer
 Printer Maintenance
Firewall
 Blocks other programs from running on your machine
through the network
 You can add exceptions for programs
 Remote Desktop and Remote Assistance need to be added as
exceptions
Windows 7 Gadgets
Windows 7 Parental Controls
MSCONFIG
 Start Menu -> Run and type msconfig
 You can get to Regedit
 Services
 Start-Up
Defragmenting
 Right-Click My
Computer and go to
manage
 Control Panel ->
Administrative Tools
 Start -> All Progams > Accessories ->
System Tools
 Moves the parts of
files together on the
hard drive
Disk Cleanup
 Delete Temp Files
 Empty Recycling Bin
 Compress old files
Check Disk
 Checks hard drive for physical errors.
 Start -> All Programs -> Accessories -
> System Tools
 DOS command is CHKDSK
 Doesn’t repair, puts “cones” around the
sector so it isn’t used again – BAD
SECTOR
Backup – found in System Tools
 Back up files and Restore Files
DOS Commands
 CD – change directory
 DIR – list contents of directory
 .. – Parent directory
 COPY – copies a single file
 XCOPY – copies contents of a folder
 MD – make directory
 RD – remove directory
 TYPE – display a text file
 COPY CON- copy what I type in the console to a file
 IPCONFIG – show ip address configuration
 PING – send test packets to check for a connection
Troubleshooting
BSOD
 Blue Screen of Death
 Boot Error or RAM Error
 Restart Computer
 Recovery Console – DOS console that you can boot to from
the Windows installation disk
 FIXBOOT – fixes boot.ini
 FIXMBR – fixes master boot record
Viruses
 A file that replicates itself
 Has to be run – usually found in email attachments and
shared files through peer-to-peer networks
 Trojan – a program that is doing something in the
background you don’t want (Trojan Horse) – use a Firewall
or don’t download illegal material.
 Worm – like a virus, but you don’t have to run it to get it. If
you connect to a network that has it, you’ll get it
Start Up Services
 In MSCONFIG
 You can enable or disable certain services
 Start up in Safe Mode – no services running
Remote Desktop
 Unblock FireWall
 Connected on the network to the remote computer
 Know a user account and password on that computer
 Start -> All Programs -> Accessories -> Remote Desktop
Connection
 Gives you control of the machine, blocks the user out
Remote Assistant
 Unblock in Firewall
 Create an invitation file
 Send the invitation through email or a chat program
 Allows you to help someone remotely, but they can still have
control
 Usually you have a time limit and a password
Device Manager
 Fix driver errors for Hardware
 Right-Click on My Computer - > Properties -> Hardware
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tab
Right-Click on My Computer -> Manage -> Device
Manager
Control Panel -> Administrative Tools
Yellow Exclamation – bad driver
Red X – this device has been disabled
Event Viewer
 View Event Logs
Task Manager
 Turn off Programs
 Turn off Processes
Graphical User Interface
Taskbar
System Tray – shows running programs
that run in the background
Desktop
Quick Launch