Transcript Hardware

Mgt 20600:
IT Management & Applications
Hardware
Thursday
February 2, 2006
Reminders

Reading
– For today
 Fundamentals

text, Chapter Two, Hardware section
Homework
– Homework One due Friday, 2/10 by 5pm
 Submit

to Mgt20600.01, .02, .03, or .04 dropbox
Next week’s class session: Hardware
(continued)
Hardware in the Home
The Cell Phone Computer
Choosing Your Business Hardware
 How
would you go about deciding
what hardware to give each of your
employees?
– For example, how would you decide
what hardware to give your financial
analysts?
– How would that differ from what you
would give your sales staff?
Business Hardware
 Users
must work closely with IS
professionals to define business
needs, evaluate options, and select
the hardware and software that
provide a cost-effective solution to
those needs.
Choosing Your Business Hardware
 What
characteristics can vary across
computers?
Information Systems:
The System of Hardware Components
Input Devices
Memory
and
Processor
Storage
and
Output Devices
Hardware Components Diagram
Figure 2.1: Computer System Components
Input Devices


A huge variety to choose from
Must match input device to task
– Keyboard
– Mouse


Biometric mice
–
–
–
–
–
Microphones/voice recognition
Touch screens
Bar-code scanners
Point-of-sale devices
Radio frequency ID chips
–
–
–
–
Self check-out counter input devices?
Cell phone input devices?
PDA input devices?
PC input devices?
Examples
Processing the Inputs
 Processing
device works hand in
hand with
 Memory (book uses primary storage
as a synonym for this)
– To process
 Data
transferred to the system by the input
devices
 Instructions from the operating system and
software applications
Communication Between CPU and
RAM
What a Processor Looks Like
Processing the Inputs:
The Processor

Processors can vary according to
–
–
–
–
–
–


Size – how much data they can process at a time
Speed – how fast they execute instructions
Coordinated or multi-processing – how many processors work together
The materials from which they are made
How fast they can communicate with memory and with each other
Of course this affects the cost!
Intel’s Multi-Core Processors
The future
– Nanoswitches (2015)
– Spin transistors
– Crossbar latches


The trick is to buy the right processor for the task at hand!
Examples
– WalMart’s transaction processing system
– Individual executive’s spreadsheet analysis
Processing the Inputs: Memory

Memory varies according to
– Size – how much capacity it has
– Volatility – whether you lose what’s in it when the
electricity goes off
– Function – ROM (read-only memory) holds permanent
instructions whereas RAM (random access memory)
holds temporary data and instructions
– Speed - How fast it can communicate with the processor
(bus speed)
– How close it is located to the processor (cache memory)

Again, you must match your memory purchase to
the tasks you intend to perform
Different Types of Memory
What Memory Looks Like
Bits and Bytes
Storing the Output
Secondary or long-term storage is used to
permanently store data or output
 Greater capacity and greater economy
than memory
 Many different types of secondary storage
devices that vary by

–
–
–
–
Capacity
Cost
Speed of data retrieval
Access method
Storing the Output

Secondary storage devices
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Hard disk (magnetic disk)
Floppy disk (magnetic disk)
Compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM)
CD-recordable (CD-R) discs
CD-rewritable (CD-RW) discs
Digital versatile disc (DVD)
Memory cards
Expandable storage, i.e., zip drives
Redundant array of independent/inexpensive disks (RAID)
Magnetic tapes
Storage Area Network (SAN)
The Future: Holographic Disks
– Can attain far higher density of data storage than standard magnetic disk drives
– Data stored as a holograph throughout the polymer material that makes up a
disk


The Future: Blu-ray Disc or HD-DVD as replacements for DVD’s
Guess what! You have to match your storage device to the tasks you are
undertaking!
What a Hard Disk Looks Like
Comparison of Secondary Device
Capacities and Cost
RAID
Storage Area Network
Displaying the Output
There are also countless ways to display
the output of your information processing
 Output device types

–
–
–
–
–
Computer screen
Printer
Mobile device
Telephone
Head phones
A look at the future: Electronic paper
 Need I say it again! Match the output
device to your needs and budget!

Information Systems:
The System of Hardware Components
Input Devices
Memory
and
Processor
Storage
and
Output Devices
Comparison of Major Computer
System Types