Transcript Development of Europe

Medieval/Middle Ages & Dark
Age
 Emperor
Constantine
• Death of Constantine
 Constantinople
• ‘Second Rome’
 Roman
Empire splits
• West and East
• Western Roman empire falls; East is now
Byzantine
 Took
over control of most of Europe
 Clovis-King of the Franks
• Most powerful of the Germanic tribes
 Fighting
caused some Germanic tribes to
lose faith in their kings
 Charlemagne took over and restored
order
• Carolingian Empire
• “Charles the Great”
 Very
adventurous and always looked for
spoils of war
 Invaded much of northern Europe and
parts of Russia
 Warriors, shipbuilders, sailors
• Excelled at all things related to war
 Converted
to Christianity and became
part of European civilization
 New
political and social order
 Lords and Nobles offered protection in
return for services
 Vassals, Knights, Peasants
 Fiefs
• Grant of land given to a vassal
• Responsibility of keeping order; no set
government
 Feudal Contract
• Relationship between a lord and his vassal
 The
Norman Conquest
• William of Normandy
 United England and France (Kingdom of England)
 Developed taxation and royal courts

Henry II and the Church
• Gave more power to the kings
• Separated Church and State
• Introduced Common Law (whole kingdom)
 King
John
• Many rebellions
• Forced to sign a document of rights
 Magna
Carta (Great Charter)
• Based on mutual rights between classes of
citizens
• Limited the power of a monarch
 Led
to the development of Parliament
• House of Lords and House of Commons
 Fought
between Christians and Muslims
 Christians
• Wanted to free Jerusalem and the Holy Land
 Muslims
• Wanted to maintain their rights to the Holy Land
 Six
Crusades in all
• 1st, 2nd, and 4th Crusades won by Christians
• 3rd won by Muslims
• 5th was a Children’s crusade
• 6th did not impact anyone
 Positives
• Broke down feudalism
• Stronger central government
• True nation-states
• Increase in trade
 Negatives
• Widespread attack on the Jews
• Unnecessary loss of many lives
 New Technology
• Agriculture
• Iron-works
• Water and Wind Energy
 Manorial
System
• Manor
• Serfs
• Labor Services
• Feudal Contract
 The
Inquisition
• Heretics
• Torture
• Execution
 Architecture
• Cathedrals
• Gothic-Vaults and Arches
• Stained Glass
 Universities
• Bologna, Paris, Oxford
• Theology
• Scholasticism
• Saint Thomas Aquinas-Summa Theologica
 The
Plague
• “The Black Death”
• Bubonic Plague
• Trade Routes
• Populations were decimated
• Social Consequences
• Economic Consequences
 Decline
of Church Power
• Two Popes
• The Great Schism
• Reformers
• Lost Power
 Hundred Years War
• French and English
• Peasants and Knights
• Weaponry
• Joan of Arc (and the Inquisition)
 Read
the documents quietly to yourself
 Start thinking about the main ideas in the
documents and how it affected the
people in the Middle Ages
 How
did the Black Death affect peasants
economically?
 How did the Black Death affect peasants
socially?
 The Black Death marked everyone for
their death sentence, rich and poor,
women and children. How did people
escape this deadly disease?
 What
were the social and economic
consequences that resulted from the
Black Death?