Transcript KEY to notes - Newark Central Schools

Unit 3: Medieval Europe
Rome is SPLIT
Rome began as a small city-state and over time,
became an enormous empire, controlling lands
all around the Mediterranean Sea. Despite
experience a golden age called the Pax Romana,
it eventually deteriorated due to invasions, a
lack of trade and a falling economy. In an
attempt to govern the vast empire more
effectively, the Roman Empire was split into two
by Emperor Diocletian.
3
Western Empire
Capital: Rome
Collapsed in the A.D. 400’s
Eastern Empire
(Byzantine Empire)
Capital: Constantinople
 key location for trade because it was
at a crossroads of Europe and Asia
 cultural diffusion!
• The Byzantines preserved (saved)
Greek and Roman culture
• Justinian’s Code: set of laws for the
Byzantine Empire (Emperor Justinian
had officials collect all the laws of
ancient Rome and then he edited
and organized them).
•
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Survived for another 1,000 years
Brainpop
• Fall of Rome (just watch the video; don’t
bother with the quiz)
Fall of Rome
o It was difficult to manage such a large area (at its
height, the Roman Empire was 3 million square
miles!)
Fall of Rome
The Germanic tribes constantly invaded
 Germanic groups: Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Franks, and
Vandals.
 Germanic people had been living on the northern borders
of the Roman Empire for years.
 Rome became weak from the constant invasions as the
Germans moved into Roman territory
 In 476, Emperor Augustus was dethroned and exiled by a
German warrior which completed the fall of Rome.
The Middle Ages is the period of time in Europe after the
collapse of the Roman Empire and before the Renaissance.
(It is in the “middle” of two golden ages)
The Renaissance (Rebirth)
Begins around 1400
500 B.C – 476 A.D
The Roman Empire
The Middle Ages or
Medieval Period
400-1400
The Early Middle Ages (aka: The Dark Ages)
were characterized by:
Split into many separate Germanic kingdoms
Increase in
warfare
(dangerous
time; people
don't feel
safe)
Decline in trade
Decline in education
People live in small shacks in rural villages
The Church was a very powerful force
in Europe during the Middle Ages.
• Popes usually held both spiritual &
political power
• The church was at the center of each
manor
• People became devoted to God
because their lives were so difficult
• Complete “Fall of Rome (Document Analysis)”
Brainpop: Feudalism
FEUDALISM
Feudalism
• A political & social system in which land is
exchanged for loyalty and service
• No social mobility! Your place in the feudal
pyramid was determined by birth.
Why Feudalism?
• After the fall of Rome, Western Europe was
a scary place!
• There wasn’t a strong, central government
to raise a large army, so there was no
protection from invaders.
• The Feudal system emerged as a means to
create
– Social/political order and stability in society
– provide a system of protection
Loyalty & knights
King
Land (fief)
Nobles
Land
Loyalty & military
service
Knights
Labor & food
Peasants & Serfs
Land &
protection
Code of Chivalry
• To fear God and maintain His
Church
• To serve the liege lord in valor
and faith
• To protect the weak and
defenseless
• To give help to widows and
orphans
• To refrain from the wanton
giving of offence
• To live by honor and for glory
• To despise pecuniary reward
• To fight for the welfare of all
• To obey those placed in
authority
• To guard the honor of fellow
knights
• To eschew unfairness, meanness
and deceit
• To keep faith
• At all times to speak the truth
• To persevere to the end in any
enterprise begun
• To respect the honor of women
• Never to refuse a challenge from
an equal
• Never to turn the back upon a
foe
Manorialism:
The
Medieval
Economic
System
Manors:
• A village and
the land
surrounding
it
• The manor was completely self sufficient meaning that
everything that was needed was on the manor.
• Very little reason to leave or travel beyond your manor.
The Manor System – The Medieval
Economic System
• The self sufficient manor contributed to the
decline of learning. No new ideas were
exchanged.
• Technology was slow to progress.
• Little use of money. Wealth based on land.
Complete: “The Church Power Grows” History Short
Spread of Islam & Golden Age of Islam
THE CRUSADES
•
Watch “Mankind: The Story of Us- Warriors” (36:3046:03) :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWxn6fkBOBM&index=4&list=PL6
7H7asWbCwkTcSFd3DWEb8tZl7qBfOvQ
•
Watch Brainpop’s “The Middle Ages”
THE CRUSADES
Big idea:
The Crusades were a long series of wars between
Christians and Muslims over control of the holy
land (Jerusalem)
The Holy Land
The Holy Land includes Jerusalem and surrounding areas in
present day Israel and Palestine.
The Holy Land was important to:
• Christians because Jesus was born there, lived and taught
there, and was crucified there
• Muslims because Muhammad (the final prophet of Islam)
ascended into heaven there
Based on the map, between 1096-1204:
•Who controlled most of the lands in Europe?
•Who controlled most of the land in N. Africa and the Middle East?
•Who controlled the holy land? (circle it on the map)
Background:
• Christianity became vastly popular during the Middle Ages
as people were increasingly concerned with the after-life.
• The Muslim Arabs conquered Jerusalem around 638 BC
• For almost 500 years, Christians, Jews, & Muslims peacefully
coexisted
• Because Jerusalem was a holy land, Christians came each
year to visit (pilgrimage)
Causes of the Crusades:
 In the early 1000’s however, Christian pilgrims increased so much, the
Muslims no longer allowed them to visit. Also, many Muslims
attacked the Christian pilgrims, and destroyed many of the
Christian churches.
 Additionally, the increase in Muslim power threatened the capital
of the Byzantine Empire, Constantinople.
Calling all Christians
• Pope Urban II called on all Christians to take back the holy
land from the Muslims.
• Feudal lords, knights & peasants agreed to fight because they
wanted:
o To have their sins forgiven***
o To win land and wealth
o To escape troubles at home
o For adventure
The Crusades:
 There were approximately eight crusades, but only the first four are
well known.
 For over 200 years, Christians and Muslims were engaged in almost
constant warfare.
 Although the Christians succeeded in capturing the holy land in the
First Crusade, they were not able to maintain control.
Effects of the Crusades:
(IF Turks Traveled they would Trade)
• I = Improvements – Ships, Maps, Explorers
• F = Feudalism declines because Feudal lords die or spend too
much money on military.
• T = Turks still rule the Holy Land
• T = Travel – Europeans want to travel and learn more about
the world
• T = Trade – increased between Europe and the Middle East
which leads to an increase in CULTURAL DIFFUSION
•
•
Watch “Mankind: The Story of All of Us: Episode 5: The Plague” (after
section on Mongols)
Watch music video: “Black Death (Holla Back Girl) by historyteachers on
YouTube
The Mongols
Important Ideas to Remember
about the Mongols:
 Genghis Khan united the Mongols and created the largest empire in
history (across Europe and Asia)
 After the Mongols conquered many lands, a time of
peace and stability occurred (The Pax Mongolia)
 As a result, trade increased between Europe and Asia
on the Silk Road
 Russians were cut off/ isolated from most of Western Europe as a
result of the Mongol invasions
(notice on the map how Europe and Russia are separated from each other because of the Mongols)
 Russian leaders adopted the idea of strong, centralized control of the
empire
• Watch video “History vs. Genghis Khan”
• Watch “America the Story of All of Us:
Episode 5” (first 11 minutes)
On your map,
label:
 Japan
 N. Korea (NK)
 S. Korea (SK)
 Russia
 Mongolia
 China
 Pacific Ocean
Japan is an Archipelago
(Chain of many small Islands)
Japan is very mountainous (4/5ths of
Japan is a mountain!!!!) and has very
little Arable Land- so it uses terrace
farming
Mount
Fuji
Japan gets a lot of its food from the
sea. This is another way they
adapted to their geography
Japan has very few natural
resources
Iron ore
Coal
Japan has a very high Population
Density (a lot of people in a small
space)
Land mass
(sq. km)
• California
423,967
• Japan
377,915
Population:
• California:
38,802,500
• Japan:
127,103,38
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Japan is a little smaller than California but
has more than 3 times the population
In Japan, there are people employed as
“pushers” who push people onto the train during
rush hour so more people can fit) See a video
here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLK9VU9JSfc&list=PL7-MIQJGkdsfXXLQ-W-2uzRrYaPpaESD
A capsule hotel is a type of hotel
developed in Japan that features
a large number of extremely
small "rooms" (capsules)
intended to provide cheap, basic
overnight accommodation for
guests who do not require the
services offered by more
conventional hotels. There are
also “regular” hotels in Japan, but
these are helpful to provide more
cheap rooms for such a big
population
Japan is a homogeneous Society (people all
have the same genes, ethnicity and basic culture)
(America would be the opposite of a homogenous
culture; we are very DIVERSE)
Island isolation encourages them to
be ethnocentric
Japanese religion is a blending of
Confucianism, Buddhism, Daoism and
Shintoism
Spirits in
Nature
The Japanese have a true
respect for nature
They practice Selective Borrowing which is
when a country deliberately takes on only certain
aspects of a culture (ideas mostly came from
China and Korea)
– Missionaries from China introduced Buddhism,
Confucianism and writing
– Japan sent people to China to study their
government, art, science, literature, etc.
– Ignored ideas like the civil service test which did
not fit with their culture (in Japanese culture you
inherited your position rather than having to earn it
through a test)
Korea
acts as a
cultural
“bridge”
between
China
and
Japan
Japanese
Feudalism
Emperor
(Figurehead)
Shogun
(Political leader)
Daimyo
(Nobles)
Samurai
(Warriors)
Peasants & Merchants
(Farmers, Fishermen & Sales People)
(90% of population)
Tokugawa Shogunate
 The Tokugawa shoguns gained control of
Japan in the 1600s
o Tokugawa= the name of the warrior family that
ruled Japan from 1603-1863
o Shogun= the leader of Japan’s military (this job
was hereditary/inherited)
Excerpts from the Edict of 1635: Ordering the Closing of Japan (issued by the Tokugawa
Shogunate to the officials at the port of Nagasaki, the site of most of Japan's foreign
contacts at the time)
i. Japanese ships are strictly forbidden to leave for foreign countries.
i. No Japanese is permitted to go abroad. If there is anyone who attempts to do so
secretly, he must be executed. The ships involved must be impounded and its owner
arrested and the matter must be reported to higher authority.
i. If any Japanese returns from overseas after residing there, he must be put to death.
i. If there is any place where the teaching of padres (Christianity) is practiced, then you
must order a thorough investigation.
1. What is the overall goal of the Edict of 1635?
2. Which great global studies term would summarize the Japanese policy described above?
3. Why might this policy have been put in place?
From Millard Fillmore, President of the USA, to His Imperial Majesty, the Emperor of Japan
November 13, 1852
I have directed Commodore Perry to assure your imperial majesty that I
entertain the kindest feelings towards your majesty's person and government
and that I have no other object in sending him to Japan but to propose to your
imperial majesty that the United States and Japan should live in friendship and
have commercial intercourse with each other.
1. Why did the USA send
Commodore Matthew
Perry to Japan?
2. What was the end result
of his trips to Japan?
From Commodore Perry to the Emperor of Japan
July 14, 1853
If you are still to disagree we would then take up arms and inquire into the sin against the
divine principles, and you would also make sure of your law and fight in defense. When one
considers such an occasion, however, one will realize the victory will naturally be ours and
you shall by no means overcome us. If in such a situation you seek for a reconciliation, you
should put up the white flag that we
have recently presented to you, and we
would accordingly stop firing and
conclude peace with you, turning our
battleships aside.
2. How has the tone of Commodore’s
Perry letter changed in comparison to
letter sent by Fillmore in 1852?
• 3. What was the end result of Perry’s visits to Japan?
• (Watch 4:00-6:20 of the Commodore Perry video)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=96B2GMta3YM&t=393s&list=PL6FBVE3c6FOeuac51p_huHey0QcdcsUw&index=7
• Answer: The Treaty of Kanagawa was signed which ended Japan’s isolation
Meiji Restoration:
• MODERNIZE & INDUSTRIALIZE
• Emperor Meiji did not want Japan to be taken over by anyone
• He sent government officials to Europe and the US to learn their
Western ways
Created a strong
central govt with a
constitution
Built factories &
railroads; Improved
ports
Modernization
(Changes by
Meiji)
Abolished feudalism
Made all children go
to school