Transcript Periodization Charts as Review Tools

Periodization Charts
and Review Tools
•Unit Reviews
•End of Course Reviews
•Essay Reviews
Europe:
Snapshot of the World to 600 C.E.
Early Japan:
Early China:
Mesoamerican Civilizations:
Middle East:
Greece and Rome:
Africa:
India:
Byzantine Empire:
Europe: Polytheistic/change
to Christianity during control
by Roman Empire until its
fall. Dark ages: feudalism
and isolation due to the fall of
the Roman Empire (476);
regional kingdoms run by
nomadic invaders with
Christianity growing more
powerful. Knowledge lost
except where recorded in
monasteries; women worked
as peasants, but nobles were
secluded and had no
economic or political control;
Vikings begin raids;
Mesoamerican Civilizations:
Heirs to Olmec culture (800400BCE) who brought corn,
domestication, specialization;
Mexico’s Yucatan; Small warring
city-kingdoms; polytheistic
(sacrifices and blood-letting);
nobility/warrior/priests, peasants,
slaves; agricultural (maize, beans,
cotton, cacao); elaborate calendar
(365 ¼ days, world ends
12/23/2012); hieroglyphic writing,
zero, pyramids, terraced agriculture
Africa: hard iron
technology; widespread
trade; Egypt; Bantu
language spread (along
with farming and culture);
Ghana begins in 200 CE;
growth of Nubian state
Snapshot of the World to 600 C.E.
Middle East:Nomadic
Bedouin camel nomads
with animistic/polytheistic
beliefs; clan rivalries;
Muhammed was from
Umayyad Clan and united
them; transformed the
kaaba from a polytheistic
idol worshipping place into
a monotheistic shrine.
Zoroastrianism in Persia
India: Aryan invaders from the central
Asian steppes invade from the north
and create caste system/Hindu religion
with pantheon of gods. Mauryan and
Gupta Empires. India’s golden age.
Hinduism, Buddhism develop.
Women’s status is low (sati, female
infanticide)
Greece and Rome: 800 BCE – 476 CE; Wars with
Persia, Rome; Republic to Empire (Julius Caesar);
Greece: democracy (Pericles), oligarchy, monarchy,
tyrrany (politics), farming (slaves used widely),
citizens’ duty, philosophy, Athens v. Sparta
(Peloponnesian Wars); Hellenic culture (Alexander
the Great – Hellenistic); Religion: pantheon of Gods
(from Aryans); science: Greeks are theorists;
Romans are engineers; Colonies in Mediterranean
region
Japan: Tribal structure with
chiefdoms from 200 CE. Shinto
religion (animist), traditional
Japanese culture with little
Chinese influence, probably trade
with mainland; experts at
agriculture and fishing; tattoos to
indicate social class; iron
technology; 400 CE: Korean
scribes brought writing; natural
cultural unity due to island
isolation
Early China: Shang, Zhou, Chin, Han. Early
bureaucracy with divine emperor who ruled
by the Mandate of Heaven. Oracle bones.
Confucianism makes attempts to create wise
civil workers. Qin Shihuangdi burns books,
buries scholars, introduces legalism. Daoism
encourages meditation on nature.
Byzantine Empire: Highly bureaucratic, divine
emperor, spies, rigid class structure; Rome moved east
to Constantinople; trouble with Turks, trade-based and
agricultural economies; Constantine, Justinian and
Theodora, women held throne at times (Theodora and
Zoe); preserved Greek tradition and language; Eastern
Orthodox religion (Hagia Sophia, icons); Art: mosaics,
icons, Kievan Rus, Moscow, Cyrillic language/
alphabet, Greek Fire, where East meets West; fell to
the Ottoman Turks
Feudal Europe:
Feudal Japan:
Snapshot of the World 600 - 1450
American Civilizations: Pre-Columbian
MAYA
AZTEC
INCA
Song Empire:
Abbasid Caliphate:
Byzantine Empire:
Ghana and Mali:
Mongol (Yuan Dynasty) Empire: 1200s – 1300s
Delhi Sultanate:
Feudal Europe: Crusades! Europe
Feudal Japan: (794-1185)
meets East! 1215: King John signs
Magna Carta – beginnings of
representative govt.; King, nobles,
vassals, knights, serfs; feudalism
(politics), manorialism (economics);
Gothic architecture, 3-field system;
Church v. state (lay investiture);
Charles Martel halted Muslims at Tours;
Thomas Aquinas tried to combine faith
and reason – scholasticism (Aristotle
relearned from Muslims in Crusades);
Women – local commerce, guilds, less
segregation in church; East/West split
TAIKA(645-710), NARA (710-784),
HEIAN (794-857) Ultra-civilized;
puppet emperor controlled by
Shogun>Daimyo>Samurai>Peasants.
Bushido=chivalry. Art: Poetry, TALE
OF GENJI, literature, brushpainting,
Zen Buddhism mixed with Shintoism;
tried to mimic China but aristocrats
emphasized tradition (Buddhist
backlash); Guilds, 12th C Warlord
control (Taira, Minamoto families
preserved imperial line by controlling
it); Women – in early centuries
aristocratic women hunted and rode,
were part of commerce, took part of
family inheritance – later lost it to
marriage alliances and primogeniture
Snapshot of the World 600 - 1450
American Civilizations: Pre-Columbian
MAYA
AZTEC
INCA
Writing
Bloodletting
Sacrifice of POWs
City-kingdoms
Astronomy
12-23-2012
Cacao beans for
currency
Tikal temples
Chichen Itza
Trade, military
Aristocratic priests,
warriors, peasants
Militaristic
POWs as slaves and
sacrifices
Localized trade
Temples, Tribute
Women bore
warriors, ground
corn
Chinampas
Eagle on Cactus
prophesizes
Moctezuma’s loss to
Cortez in 1519
Teotihuacan (Mexico
City)
Tribute, hostages
Roads (Romans)
Atahualpa (killed by
Pizarro), Pachacuti
Cult of the Dead
(mummies)
Split inheritance
Women inherited
women’s property
Sacrifices
QUIPU: knotted
ropes for records
Ghana and Mali: Ibn Battuta described
in his travels throughout Dar al Islam;
Agricultural, large armies w/cavalry;
alliances with Sudanic kingdoms; GRIOTS,
no writing; Sundiata Keita, MANSA MUSA
(richest man in world – hajj – gold prices
dropped); Traded gold, salt, horses, slaves
across Sahara; Mosques at Jenne,
Timbuktu; Universities and Madrasas;
women inferior (4 wives/man); rulers’
power based on ability to intercede with
local spirits (like Mandate of Heaven); 80%
population farmers with difficult lives
Song Empire: 960-1279
Anti-Buddhist backlash, weaker than Tang Empire
as army took back seat to scholar-gentry; Bloated
Abbasid Caliphate: (750 – 1258) Islamic,
bureaucracy, isolationist; Neo-Confucianism,
cosmopolitan, sharia, bureaucratic, ulama; More
Golden Age of Junks and trade as far as
trade-oriented than Umayyads; banks, saks
Mediterranean; flying money, banks, Grand Canal,
(checks), trade, peasants overtaxed for corrupt
irrigation, bridges, gunpowder, naphtha, fireworks,
and bloated bureaucracy; mosques at Cordoba,
projectiles, rocket launchers; women – foot
Sufi missionaries, capital at Baghdad guarded
binding, no widow remarriage, no divorce,
by eunuchs, divine rulers (Shadow of God on
inheritance, education. Men could be adulterous
Earth), wazirs; women veiled and secluded;
and remarry. Moveable type – printing -literature
mercenary slave armies; irrigation collapsed to
Delhi Sultanate: 1206 –
decrease farm output
Byzantine Empire: 500-
1453 Constantine; Trade
Mongol (Yuan Dynasty) Empire: 1200s – 1300s b/w Europe/Asia;
Bureaucracy like China;
Militaristic to the Khan who could keep it; Chinggis, Eastern Orthodox
Kubilai, Batu, Hulegu; traded with conquered
(iconoclasm, mosaics);
Theodora – women could
peoples; repaired and guarded silk roads for
revenue; mounted cavalry, stirrup; largest land own property equal to
empire in world history; women had high status dowry; Justinian’s
Code/Corpus of Civil Law;
– hunted, fought, resisted foot binding; Yuan Belisarius – general who
used Chinese bureaucracy but Chinese could
tried to retake Western
not marry or use Mongol language. Merchants Roman Empire, weakened
earned higher status due to trade; Religion:
the East; Hagia Sophia,
shamanism, later Islam; Mongol advance
Greek Fire; Fell to Ottoman
stopped by Mamelukes of Egypt (slave dynasty) Turks (Mehmed the
Conqueror)
Mahmud of Ghazni from
Afghanistan; Muslim rulers over
Hindu majority in N. India; taxed
peasants, some public works,
some conversion among lower
castes and Buddhists
(Buddhists weakened by Muslim
raids); separate Hindu/Muslim
living areas, Islam adopted
Hindu gender issues and
class/caste divisions; SATI;
Bhakti cult tried to revive
Hinduism as response to
Muslim conversions for lower
caste Hindus
Western Europe:
Snapshot of the World 1450 - 1750
Russia:
Renaissance:
Reformation:
China:
Exploration:
Japan:
Mercantilism:
African Kingdoms:
Humanism:
Southeast Asia:
Americas:
Ottoman Turks:
ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE:
India - Mughals:
Western Europe: Mercantilism, humanism,
exploration
Snapshot of the World 1450 - 1750
Renaissance: 1300-1600 – a renewed interest in
classical culture; led to far-reaching change in art,
learning, views of world (inspired by contact with
East during Crusades); Began in Italian
city-states (art) and spread north
(philosophy and religion)
Reformation: 16th Century movement
of religious reform, leading to
the founding of Protestant Christian
Churches that rejected Pope’s
authority (Lutheran, Calvinism)
Russia: Autocratic, theocratic
monarchy (Tzars) ruling nobles,
peasants (serfs); Peter, Ivan,
Catherine the Great; Czars
controlled church; Patriarchal;
Harsh serfdom (bought/sold);
Pugachev’s Rebellion (crushed)
China: Bureaucratic MING
Empire; Elite, scholar-gentry in
charge; Zheng He the Eunuch
Muslim led naval expeditions; Civil
Service Exam; Free peasant labor;
silver trade with Americas;
Nomadic incursions to north; Later
isolationism
Exploration: Colonizing Americas
most prominent; spawned by
Portuguese attempt to find a route to
Indies that avoided Muslim middlemen;
Vasco da Gama rounded tip of Africa
Mercantilism: Economic theory that promotes
government control of internal economy to avoid
Japan: Autocratic, centralized rule under
losing gold and silver to enemy states; goods African Kingdoms: North Africa- Sunni Ali in western Sudan; Rulers
puppet emperor; Feudalism; Ruling Elite
should be produced in a country’s own territory; adopted Islam but kept some animist traditons; West Africa-Autocratic
TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE, Samurai, free
monarchies: rulers, merchants, peasants, slaves; Some matrilineal
Spawned colonization.
peasants, artisans, merchants; Christianity
societies; Slavery in Africa previously based on wealth since ruler owned
welcomed, then repressed as threat;
Humanism: Individual has dignity and worth; all land and slaves assimilated into families – not hereditary. European
isolationism; Dutch Learning from port at
ideas of Enlightenment philosophes
participation in slave trade expanded and moved it to coastal regions from
Nagasaki
the interior, elevated warrior class, and disrupted family and political
patterns. Eastern Africa-Swahili city-states continued Indian Ocean trade.
Americas: Colonized by Portuguese,
Songhai collapse left political fragmentation. 1770s-Islamic influence partly
Spanish, Dutch, English; Inspired by a
Southeast Asia: Chinese influence
a way to escape capture as slaves; 1652: Dutch established colony
need to provide silver/gold for China
around the Cape of Good Hope. Ethiopia is Coptic Christian.
(Confucianism, politics, Buddhism;
trade; climate invited plantations and
Dutch/Portuguese trading posts and English
imperialism. Enslavement and death of
spice trade; No match for European military
Ottoman Turks: Autocratic monarchy: rulers, military,
indigenous peoples. Columbian
technology; Missionaries brought
Exchange.
merchants, oppressed peasants, slaves from all over; bloated
Christianity to compete with Buddhism,
bureaucracy; Suleyman, Mehmed II; Muslim, patriarchal,
Islam, Hinduism, polytheism; Spheres of
ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE: Triangular
DEVSHIRME (recruiting Christian boys as tax to become
influence as Europeans controlled local
trade of guns/Africans/sugar and rum
Jannisaries); peasant labor; conquered Byzantines (Constantinople
economies and rulers
b/w Europe/Africa/Americas (1600became Istanbul); trade-based; world’s longest-ruling empire
1900) 10-11 million Africans to the
Americas; most to Brazil; caused wars
India- Mughals conquered the sub-continent by early 1700s: Autocratic Islamic Sultan
b/w African states; disrupted African
(theocratic monarchy); Muslim/Hindu castes; Babar, Akbar, Nur Jahan, Shah Jahan, Aurangzeb;
history (griots, no written language) and
patriarchal but elite women had much political influence; limited trade with few maritime
gender balance; extreme cruelty
contradicted humanist teachings;
ventures; Din-I-Ilahi (Akbar’s syncretic blend of Islam/Hinduism; Akbar promoted women’s
justified through social Darwinism
rights, outlawed sati; Sha Jahan built Taj Mahal; Aurangzeb’s intolerance of non-Muslims
brought down empire
EUROPE:
Russia:
Snapshot of the World 1750 - 1914
China:
African Kingdoms:
Americas:
Japan:
Ottoman Turks:
India:
GLOBAL ISSUES:
Southeast Asia:
EUROPE: Economics = mercantilism; Enlightenment;
Russia: Still serf-based until late
Industrialization (1789) eclipsed agriculture; painful social
industrialization and emancipation of
Snapshot of the World Before 1750 - 1914
changes, urbanization (hell holes), work leaves home,
serfs (1860s); Autocratic, theocratic
women work, child labor, rise of middle class, population
czars; Westernized by Peter the Great
revolution; Govt: monarchies challenged by
and Catherine the Great; Huge landrepresentative movements: Loss of British
based empire; Czar Nicholas I used
American colonies 1776; French
secret police, supported nationalist
Revolution 1789 (Robespierre’s
movements in Balkans to steal control
Reign of Terror); Napoleon’s Coup
from Ottoman Turks; Count Witte
d’etat and Liberals v. Radicals;
modernized/industrialized. Women
women – aristocrats and elite left
excelled in medicine, education; 1905
merchant partnerships to rear
Revolution; wars with
children at home while working class
Ottomans/Japanese; reforms fell apart,
women went to factories; feminism,
landlords were too powerful and
suffrage (Emmaline Pankhurst of
peasants were too oppressed
Great Britain); Unification of
China: Qing in decline; TAIPING and
Germany/Italy; Marks/Engels –
BOXER rebellions; 1839 Opium Wars
dictatorship of the proletariat
end isolation; imperialism; food
(Communism); Leisure (parks,
shortages; famine, population
bicycles, arts, sciences); Tangled
explosion, limited technology due to
alliances (Triple Alliance, Triple
isolationism; Extraterritoriality: Cixi
Entente); Balkan states of Ottoman
defied modernization (marble ship
African
Kingdoms:
Imperialism
–
SCRAMBLE
FOR
AFRICA
–
no
match
Empire – nationalism – coveted by
statue) 1912 – Puyi deposed – Sun
for
European
technology
or
guns;
European
settlement
colonies
and
loss
Russia; Imperialism in Africa, Asia,
Yat-Sen’s revolutionaries cut off
of
native
lands/rights;
No
education
for
Africans
–
stunted
growth
of
middle
Americas, Australia (Partition of
queues and abandoned Confucianism
class; no European mixing with natives – lesson from SE Asia;
Africa); White dominions (Canada,
New Zealand, Australia)
Mining/farming profits went to Europe; Apartheid in South Africa
Japan: Isolationism: closed ports even in storms;
port at Nagasaki allowed some Dutch Learning.
Limited technology; fairly good economy until 1850s;
Americas: Revolutions: American 1776,
Ottoman Turks: OTTOMAN collapse due to corruption, inept sultans,
Matthew Perry (1853) opened ports. MEIJI
Haitian 1793, Latin America (Simon Bolivar
Russian/European threat, nationalism from within; 1839 TANZIMAT reforms restoration led to industrialism and imperialism;
plows the sea trying for Gran Columbia;
modernized/westernized; Young Turks deposed sultan, brought free press, conflict b/w conservatives and westernizers.
Decolonization – democracy struggled
constitution, educ. for women; abused Arabs and lost 600-yr-old empire
Militarism, police repression avoided peasant revolts
against dictatorships; caudillos; liberals v.
during WWI. Turkey built on ruins by Kemal Ataturk. EGYPT: Napoleon
from poor living conditions; Sino-Japanese War with
conservatives; Catholic Church rule;
crushed Mameluks (1798). MIDDLE EAST: Islamic rulers became puppets toChina over Korea (1894-5); Zaibatsu (industrial
Migration of workers form Asia, Europe,
European overlords. Women lost more status.
combines); silk labor – women were sometimes sold
Africa (slave trade); ATLANTIC SLAVERY
by poor farm families.
ENDS due to 1.Enlightenment 2.Industry
India: Crown Jewel of British Empire after British took control over
trumped agriculture; Slavery in full swing
princely states due to regional disputes; British education, language,
Southeast Asia: Colonized by Dutch, British,
until 1800s; Democracy in US/Civil War;
customs encouraged; Outlawed SATI in reforms. SEPOYS: Indian troops
French – early mingling w/ natives but later strict
Western women idealized (motherhood,
paid by British (Sepoy Rebellion)
segregation; Early SE Asian women had high
right to vote, still lack equality in work with
status in trade activities and often married
exceptions during world wars); US
European men wanting their fortunes.
becomes imperialist power; Charles
Europeans adopted SE Asian styles and
GLOBAL ISSUES: Increased environmental degradation,
Darwin, Sigmund Freud, Einstein,
customs. Later NABOBS abused peasants and
romanticism, nationalism, American
international trade, migration (forced and free), westernization
cheated companies. Some later missionary work
Exceptionalism; Very little industry in Latin
(Cultural diffusion), global tensions, females as domestic servants
w./ minor success.
America – monoculture, reliance on one
crop or export product (problematic)
WESTERN EUROPE:
Snapshot of the World 1914 - Present
JAPAN AND PACIFIC RIM:
China:
NORTH AMERICA:
AFRICA:
EASTERN EUROPE:
Middle East/Southwest Asia:
LATIN AMERICA:
India:
GLOBAL ISSUES:
WESTERN EUROPE: Loss of colonies & dominance
(political & economic) in WWI and II. Breakdown of
Snapshot
WESTERN HEGEMONY. FASCISM (Hitler and Mussolini)
Communism rises and falls in Russia; Hitler’s rise due to
Treaty of Versailles after WWII. Breakup of AustroHungarian Empire. Armenian and Jewish
Holocausts. Great Depression>welfare state
and socialism. Nationalism in W. Europe
declines. European Union creates
economic powerhouse. Art: Cubism,
Dadaism
NORTH AMERICA: Isolationist at
start of WWI and II. Superpower
afterward. Great Depression – FDR’s
welfare state/ New Deal; League
of Nations >United Nations. Cold
War with USSR – Bay of Pigs, Cuban
Missile Crisis. Industrial power =
consumerism. Women’s feminist revolution
(Roe v. Wade) Civil Rights (Brown v. Board of
Ed.) Dr. Martin Luther King JR; US intervention
in Africa, Latin America, Eastern Europe for
human rights and Middle East for oil. Industry
moved abroad in the late 20th C. as cheap
goods from Asia flooded markets. Adopted
role as enforcer of world democracy. Migrants
for work & political freedom. Gap b/w rich &
poor. More technology but less access to
health care. OIL crisis.
JAPAN AND PACIFIC RIM: Imperialism (China & SE
bombing of Pearl Harbor); Militaristic industry rebuilt
of the World 1914 - Present Asia,
with US help after WWII; Fascist to democratic- weapons
to cars and electronics; economic growth in Hong Kong,
Singapore, Taiwan, etc. Conflicts b/w Communism and
democracy (N & S Korea, N&S Vietnam);
US interventions to prevent Communism;
some monarchies, some representative
govts; low wages; Islam, Hinduism,
Buddhism, Christianity, growing women’s
rights
China: Chang Kai-Shek fought Mao
AFRICA: Decolonization from French, British to create military dictatorships
Zedong’s Communists while Japan
invaded; After WWII, Mao’s
Communists gained control in a
peasant revolution; Great Leap
Forward > Industry and progress;
Women gained rights and status;
China has questionable human rights
record, environmental problems;
Economic superpower now embracing
capitalism but still Communist; Hu is
president; Cheap labor and devalued
currency threaten US industry and
economy.
w/poor civil rights; Ethnic tensions due to false colonial borders; Problems
w/monoculture, desertification, draught, AIDS, famine, women’s rights (rape,
female genital mutilation); Economic crisis, corruption, and military
EASTERN EUROPE: Cold War –
strongmen in control; Anti-Apartheid: Nelson Mandela, Muslim/Christian
controlled by Communist USSR; Eastern
conflicts, migrations to Europe; Ethnic cleansing with weak UN efforts.
Bloc/Iron Curtain/ Warsaw Pact; Lack of
Middle East/Southwest Asia: Decolonization; Balfour Declaration: Israeli
consumerism;
and Zionism is great threat to Middle East peace; Most countries Islamic –
Lenin>Stalin>Kruschev>Breznev>Gorbach
LATIN AMERICA: WWI – reliance on splits between Sunnis and Shiites; Oil is power (OPEC); Some
ev>Putin; Post-Communist democracies,
fundamentalism – problems for women’s rights (Western dress to Burkas,
foreign investments and monoculture
dictatorships; ethnic tensions (Yugoslavia)
education forbidden, women cannot go to doctor or out in public);
caused economic crisis after Great
Gorbachev brought peristroika and
Israeli/Palestinian wars; Iran/Iraq war; Iraq invades Kuwait (Gulf War); war in
Depression; Military dictatorships; gap
glasnost; Soviet Union ended in 1991;
Afghanistan to stop terrorism/Taliban; Increased tension in Iraq
b/w elite and impoverished masses;
Russia now struggling with Capitalism.
Great Depression killed fledgling
India: Gandhi’s non-violent resistance brings independence; India becomes world’s
democracies; Juan Peron (Evita) in
largest democracy; Non-alignment w/US or USSR; Hindu nationalism – India/Pakistan
Argentina and Vargas’s suicide in Brazil;
split; Women’s rights in crisis: female infanticide, abortion, dowry deaths, wife burning
Communist threats brought US
intervention; Banana Republics in
Caribbean & S. America; New trends
GLOBAL ISSUES: Migrations (economic, political, disaster); westernization and its challengers;
toward democracy; Migration to US for
transportation and globalization; diplomacy and war; environmental degradation (oil and water crisis,
work and political freedom (Cuba)
global warming); overpopulation
Other Useful Review Charts
• Religion
• River Valley Civilizations
• Revolutions
Religion (symbol)
Polytheism
Hinduism
Buddhism
Judaism
Confucianism
Daoism
Shintoism
Christianity †
Date and
Location of
Origin
Founder/
Leader/Proph
et
Holy
Text
Major Beliefs
Economic and Social Impact of Spread
Early River Valley Civilizations
Advanced
Cities
Mesopotamia
Egypt
Indus Valley
China
Specialized
Workers
Complex
Institutions
Records
Advanced
Technology
Class Structure
Culture (religion, written records, art,
science, attitudes, etc)
Mesopotamia
Egypt
Indus (India)
Shang (China)
Meso-America
(Olmec)
South America
(Chavins)
State Structure
(Government, military, education, etc)
Social Structure
(demographic change, gender
roles,hierarchies)
20th Century Revolutions Chart
Date?
Mexico
China
Russia
Causes
Progress (Stages)
Outcomes
Comparative Revolutions Chart
Old Regime (causes)
Chinese
Revolution
1911-1945
Mexican
Revolution
1910-1920
Russian
Revolution
1917-1922
Political or Social
Groups
and their
goals
Important Leaders and
their
accomplishments
Important events
in the Revolution
Results and Limits
Various and Sundry
• Projects: Considerations include time
constraints and student motivation
(Medieval Document Analysis,
Revolutions)
• Essay Rubrics
• Angela Lee’s Jigsaw Concept Applications
• WHA List serve
Projects I Use
• Gifted/Talented Differentiation in Texas
• Optional projects outside of class when
time is short
• Medieval Cities
• Revolutions
• Renaissance/Enlightenment/Scientific
Revolution
• Columbus Analysis