Transcript Chapter 9: The High Middle Ages

Chapter 9:
The High Middle Ages
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By: Cierra Adkins, Kellie Foster, Karina Matos,
Krista Romanoff, and Tina Tollinger.
Section 1:Growth and Power In England and
France.
Section 2:The Holy Roman Empire and The
Church.
Section 3: Europeans Look Outward.
Section 4:Learning Literature and The Arts.
Section 5:A Time Of Crisis.
Section 1:
Growth and Royal Power in England and
France
• Feudal monarchs in Europe stood at the head of
society.
• Noble & the church had a lot of power as the
monarchs. They had their own courts and
collected their own taxes.
• Monarchs strengthened ties with the middle class.
Strong Monarchs in England
• The Domesday Book, which was listed every
castle, field and pigpen in England. This book
helped William and later English monarchs build
an efficient system of tax collecting.
• Common law is a legal system based on custom
and court ruling.
• Jury is a group of men sworn to speak the truth.
• Exchequer is to collect taxes
Evolving Traditions of English
Governments
• Henry’s son John was one of the worst rulers. He
faced three powerful enemies.
a. King Philip II of France
b. Pope Innocent III
c. His own English nobles
• In 1215, a group of rebellious barons cornered John
and forced him to sign the Magna Carta
Successful Monarchs in France
• These feudal nobles elected Hugh Capet, the
count of Paris, to fill the vacant throne in 987
• Hugh and his heirs slowly increased royal
power.
• The Capetians built an effective bureaucracy
• Philip Augustus was a bald, red-faced man who
ate and drank too much. He was a shrewd and
able ruler.
• French ruler in 1226, Louis IX, ascended to the
throne and was a deeply religious man.
The Different king’s of France &
England
• Henry the II was the
king of England
• Philip Augustus is the
king of France
• Pope Innocent III he
was selected the
archbishop of
Canterbury.
Section 2:
The Holy Roman
Empire and the Church
Section 3:
Europeans Look Outward
• After the schism the first Crusade was the only one
that came close to achieving its goals. After a few
hundred years, they divided their lands into small
states.
• When Jerusalem fell in 1187, it was already the
Third Crusade however, the Europeans had failed
to retake Jerusalem.
• During the fourth Crusade, crusaders changed
from fighting Muslims to fighting Christians.
Meanwhile the Muslim armies took overand the
victims were the Christians.
Economic Expansion
• Even before the Crusades, Europeans got a
taste of what the luxuries felt like in the
Byzantine Empire. At this time,Crusades
introduced fabrics, spices, and perfumes
from the Middle East to Europe. We got
words like sugar, cotton and rice borrowed
from Arabic, and show the range of trade
goods involved.
Reconquista in Spain
• In 1469, Isabella of Castile married Ferdinand of
Aragon. Their marriage between the two powerful
rulers opened for a unified state and using their
combined forces they made a final push against
the fall of Granada which in 1492 fell and
completed the Reconquista.
• To impose unity they joined forces with the
townspeople to bring political unity to Spain.
Section 4: Learning,Literature, and the
Arts
MEDIEVAL UNIVERSITIES
• Medieval university is an institution of higher learning
which was established during High Middle Ages period
and is a corporation
• Universities were organized like guilds with chapters to
protect the rights of members and set standards for
training
• Then in the 1200's other cities rushed to organize more
Universities
• The program of study covered arithmetic, geometry,
astronomy, music, grammar, rhetoric and logic.
NEW LEARNING
• Muslim scholars helped the spread of learning by
translating the work of Aristotle and other Greek thinkers
into Arabic. The Jews also translated the work of Aristotle
into latin. By the 1100's these new translations were
making way into Western Europe. There they set off a new
revolution of learning.
LITERATURE
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Heroic Epics
- People began writing oral traditions in vernacular, everyday language
of ordinary people.
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Dantes Divine Comedy
- A poem that would take the reader on an imaginary journey into hell
and purgatory. Also he would describe a vision of heaven.
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Chaucers Canterbury Tales
In this tale Geoffrey Chaucer follows a band of English Pilgrims
He sketches a range of characters, each tells a story. Whether funny,
romantic or bawdy, each tale would add pictures or medieval life.
ART
• As the churches rose, stonemasons began carving
sculptors to decorate the them inside and out
• Sculptors would portray scenes from the bible and other
religious themes. They also carved images of everyday life.
I. The black death
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A Global Epidemic
•Sickness was bubonic plague a disease spread by fleas on rats
•Broke out in Europe, Asia, and North America but subsided
•In the 1200s Mongol armies conquered much of Asia setting off a new
epidemic (outbreak of rapid – spreading disease)
B. Social Upheaval
•Plague brought terror in Europe because people had no way to stop it
•People turned to magic & witchcraft for cures while others plunged
into wild pleasures believing they would soon die
•People saw the plague as God’s punishment they beat themselves to
show reprimand for their sins
•Christians blamed Jews for the plague saying they poisoned the wells
C. Economic Effects
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•As the plague kept recurring in the late 1300s The European economy
plunged
•Workers and employers died production declined survivors
demanded higher wages
•As the cost of labor soared inflation (rising prices) broke out too
•Landowners and merchants pushed laws to limit wages
• II. Upheaval in Church – middle ages brought spiritual,
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crisis, scandal, and division to the Roman Catholic Church
A.Division within the Church
•Church was unable to provide leadership in the desperate times
•1309 Pope Clement moved papal court to Avignon where it remained
under French domination for 70 years
•Babylonian captivity (time when ancient Israelites were held captive
in Babylon)
B. New Heresies
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•Weak moral authority caused church to face more problems
•Popular people challenged the power
•In England John Wycliffe, an oxford professor, attacked Church
corruption.
• III. Hundred years war
• A.Causes
o French Kings intent on extending their own power in France
• When Edward II of England claimed the French crown in 1337, war
erupted between the rivals
B. English Victories
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•English won a string of victories which they owed to longbow
•English victories took heavy toll on French morale
•Fortunes soon reversed in favor of the French
• C. Joan of Arc & French Victory
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• In 1429 a 17- year old peasant woman, Joan of Arc, told the
uncrowned King of France Charles VII she was sent to save France by
God
Joan led France To several victories
• D. Effects
• •hundred years war set France & England on different
paths
• Allowed French Kings to expand power