Transcript Chapter 11 - TeacherWeb

The Late Middle Ages:
Crisis and Disintegration in the
Fourteenth Century
A. The Black Death
1.
Most devastating natural
disaster in European
History
2. Bubonic Plague
Rats and Fleas
Yersinia Pestis
3. Spread of the Plague
1.
2.
3.
4.
Originated in Asia
Arrived in Europe in 1347
Mortality reached 50 – 60 percent in some areas
Wiped out between 25 – 50 percent of European
population (19 – 38 million dead in four years)
5. Plague returns in 1361 – 1362 and 1369
6. Most famously documented by
Boccaccio
Map 11.1: Spread of the Black Death
4. Life and Death: Reactions to
the Plague
Attacks against Jews
Violence
Punishment from
God
Effects of the Black Death
1. Town population down
2. Less labour, new
production methods
3. Rents go up and land for
pasture
4. Aristo’s income way
down
5. Statute of Laborers
1.
Forbade employers from
paying more than the
regular wage
II.
The Hundred Years’ War
(1337 to 1453)
A. Causes
1. Entanglement of French
and English royal
families Royal
Succession.
 Feudalism upset in the
balance.
 King Edward III (1327 –
1377) claims French
crown after the death of
Charles IV (Fr)
 French barons award the
crown to Philip VI of
Valois
C. Henry V (1413 – 1422)
French Civil War
1415 Henry Invades.
Battle of Agincourt
(1415)
Treaty of Troyes
(Katherine of Valois)
Charles the Dauphin
(heir to the French
throne)
D. Joan of Arc (1412 – 1431)
Believed she heard voices
from St. Michael, St.
Catherine and St. Margaret.
Convinces the Dauphin to
lead the army.
Siege of Orleans.
Charles is crowned at Reims
Captured by allies of the
English in 1430
Burned at the stake (1431)
E. Conclusion
1. War ends with
French victory or
English victory
(depending on how
you look at things)
2. New Weapons
1.
2.
Longbow.
Gunpowder
VI. The Decline of the Church
A. Boniface VIII and the
Conflict with the State
1. Boniface VIII (1294 – 1303)
•
•
•
Conflict with Philip the Fair of
France 1296 not to tax clergy.
Captured by French
Died of shock
2. Clement V (1305 – 1314)
moves to Avignon.
B.
The Papacy at Avignon
(1305 – 1377)
1. Stay at Avignon leads to a
decline in papal prestige
for 67 years.
2. Captives of the French
monarchy “Babylon
Captivity”
3. New sources of revenue
taxes on clergy lived in
luxury. (Church abuses)
C. The Great Schism
1. Papacy returns to
Rome in 1378
2. Rival popes
elected
3. Papal prestige
declines even
further
D. Popular Religion
1. Church faces
many problems at
once.
2. Trends
Mechanical paths to
salvation emphasis
on indulgences.
Good works.
Purgatory
When the power of the church
lessened, an opening was created for
people with different views
There are no longer any barbarians to
threaten Europe
The power of the Holy Roman
Emperor has lessened to such an extent
that he is no longer the strongest "arm
of the Pope"