Transcript File

Christian Life in Dark Ages (pgs. 103105)
• God was in control
• A world of Good and
Evil
• Church at the center of
life activities
• Standard Mass by 500
CE.
– ITE MISSA EST!
• Latin official language.
Local lang. existed but…
• Veneration of Saints
• Each church had its
saint
• Between 500-700 CE
requirements for priests
are standarized…
Eastern Roman Empire (106)
• Strong Emperors rule the
Eastern Roman Empire
(Often these Emperors
were influenced by
Arianism)
• Have considerable power
over the Eastern Church
– Appointing Bishops
– Calling Councils
– Directly involved in
theological disputes and
church policies
• Encouraged missionaries
to convert Barbarians
Justinian (108-110)
• He rules Byzantine Empire
from 527-565
• Develops “Justinian’s
Code.” Recodifies all laws
within the Empire and
this becomes basis for
some of Modern
European Law
• His code reflects Christian
values
• Usury-taking of interest
on a loan was forbidden
to Christians.
• He persecutes the Jews
– They were forbidden to
own land
– Needed work that
provided a living—often
involved in specialized
crafts (goldsmiths and
gem stone cutters)
– Some took up loaning
money for interest, esp.
to nobles and landlords.
• He rebuilds Hagia
Sophia (Holy Wisdom)
Chieftains (106-108)
• Theodoric –King of a
Gothic tribe. Takes
control of Italy.
• Clovis-King of the Franks
and takes control of some
of France. He forces
those he conquers to be
Christians.
• Chieftains convert to
Christianity and their
people follow. Often
thousands of people
would be baptized with
little or no preparation.
• Christendom becomes
the predominat
organizational and
cultural force
• The Church grew but
was politically tied to
the Chieftains.
St. Patrick (111-112)
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Lived from 389-461
Roman Background
Educated
Captured and enslaved in
Ireland
• Learns the Celtic Language
and customs (later on 1st to
write Celtic Language)
• Escapes back to England
and becomes a monk in
Gaul
• Patrick encourages the
establishment of
monasteries throughout
Ireland.
• These monasteries have
huge libraries with many
manuscripts called
illuminations
• Irish monasteries spread to
England, Scotland, France,
Italy,
• St. Patrick is said to be
buried at Downpatrick in
Northern Ireland
St. Brigid (112-114)
• Born of a woman slave
of her father. (453-?)
• Sold to a DRUID
• Known for her many
good deeds
• Refuses to marry man
selected by her father.
• She and 7 females take
vows and set-up
monastery.(13,000)
• Set-up Kildare.
St. Benedict (114)
•
• Well educated in Rome
• Becomes a hermit
• Establishes MONTE
CASSINO
• Writes the Rule of St.
Benedict based on the idea
of ora et labora
• They teach the monks and
nuns to read
• Both do evangelization with
Goths and Romans. Many
convert.
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CHAPTER XL
Of the Quantity of Drink
"Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after
this manner and another after that" (1 Cor 7:7). It is
with some hesitation, therefore, that we determine
the measure of nourishment for others. However,
making allowance for the weakness of the infirm,
we think one hemina of wine a day is sufficient for
each one. But to whom God granteth the
endurance of abstinence, let them know that they
will have their special reward. If the circumstances
of the place, or the work, or the summer's heat
should require more, let that depend on the
judgment of the Superior, who must above all
things see to it, that excess or drunkenness do not
creep in.
Although we read that wine is not at all proper for
monks, yet, because monks in our times cannot be
persuaded of this, let us agree to this, at least, that
we do not drink to satiety, but sparingly; because
"wine maketh even wise men fall off" (Sir 19:2). But
where the poverty of the place will not permit the
aforesaid measure to be had, but much less, or
none at all, let those who live there bless God and
murmur not. This we charge above all things, that
they live without murmuring.
Popes on the Up and Up (117-120)
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• St. Greg the Great (540-604)
appointed Prefect of Rome
– Governor ; Chief of Police;
and Chief Justice
• Maintained Rome and large
portion of Southern Italy
• Father dies so he resigns
position and gives it all away
to become a monk.
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After living the monastic life, the
Pope asks him to go to Const. to
inform Emperor about Rome.
Rome hit with a flood and Pope
dies. Greg elected in 590.
– Works at educating those
interested in priesthood,
repairs the city, writes many
letters to Churches, sets up
churches to provide welfare for
impoverished citizens, and
organizes the written record of
music and structure of the
Church year.
Takes this title: “servant of the
servants of God”
Islam (121-122)
• Muhammad (570-632)
• Develops the Koran
• Taught that Islam
(submission to God)
must be spread
everywhere to praise
Allah.
• Arab warriors spread
Islam to the Eastern
Mediterranean, North
Africa, and Spain.
• Taxed Infidels-Those who
did not follow Islam.
• In 732 the Muslims are
stopped at Tours by
Charles Martel (the
Hammer)
• Islam Contributed much
to the West
– Libraries containing
Greek letters
– Add to knowledge of
Math, Science,
Medicine, Art and
Architecture.
A point of reference.
How did these events impact the relationship between
Islam and Christianity today?
Chapter 7 Begins
Boniface (126-127) Bede (127)
• Apostle to the Germans
• Wandering Bishop
• Constant work of
Conversion
• 675-754
• Bendeicitine monk
• He wrote “The History
of the English Church
and People.” This is an
early history of England
and is still used today.
• Called the Venerable
Bede.
• 672-735
Church and State Entanglement (128129)
• Pepin and the Papal States
– Cooperative relationship
between Church and
State
– Pepin drives out
Lombards.
– Gives this conquered
land to the Pope
(Donation of Pepin,756)
– These lands are called
PAPAL STATES
• Ruled by Pope
• Remain until 1870s
Charlemange-A New Roman Empire
(129-132)
• 742-812
• Conquers the Saxons,
Germans, and other tribes.
Forces them to convert.
• Leo III crowns him “Emperor of
the Romans” (Christmas, 800)
• He often tells Leo what to do.
• Is in conflict with the Emperor
in Constantinople.
• Pushes for the adoption of
Latin liturgy.
• This conflict complicates the
relationship between the
Church, East and West.
• He appoints educated men to
position of power, often
priests, monks, and bishops.
• Education is important to him.
• He appoints bishops and
abbots in an attempt to
educate the native clergy.
• Empire breaks up shortly after
his death.
The New Holy Roman Empire
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Do you know?
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Dark Ages
Feudalism
Christendom
Christian Life in Dark
Ages
• What year was Mass
standarized?
• Ite missa est?
• Requirments for
priests?
• Eastern Roman Empire?
• Justinian
• Cheiftains
– Clovis and Theodoric
• St. Patrick
• St. Brigid
• St. Benedict
• St. Gregory the Great
• Islam
• Boniface and Bede
• Papal States
• Pepin the Short
• Charlemagne