Transcript Chapter 14
Chapter 9 &10 Formation of Europe and the Middle Ages Chapter 9; Section 1 After the fall of the Roman Empire, Europe was divided into smaller what? German States Who was the first German king to convert to Christianity? Clovis Thus creating a very strong tie between kings and the Roman Catholic Church Kingdom of the Franks was one of the largest and most powerful. Under Germanic Law what is the term that refers to an amount that has to be paid by a wrongdoer? Wergild Which people group did the Frankish kings give land to, then convert them to Christianity? Vikings The leader of the Roman Catholic Church was called ______ from the Latin word papa meaning “father”. Pope Who expanded the Frankish kingdom and restored the glory of the conquered Roman Empire? Charlemagne A.K.A. Charles the Great Chapter 9; Section 2 Feudalism Vikings terrorized Europe until a German king gave them land in France now know as? Normandy Because of safety many people turned to local nobles to protect them which began the social system known as? Feudalism Know the parts of the Feudal system. Kings, Lords, Knights, Vassals, fief, feudal contract. What was the most important gift a Lord could give a vassal? Fief Land What is the concept of civilized behavior endorsed by the Catholic church? Chivalry Chapter 9; Section 3 Growth of European Kingdoms Who established the Kingdom of England? William of Normandy AKA William the Conqueror What English document limited the king’s powers and protected noble’s rights? Magna Carta (Great Charter) The Magna Carta was signed by what English King? King John Chapter 9; Section 4 Byzantine Empire and Crusades What was the capital of the Byzantine Empire? Constantinople Justinian Body of Civil Law Hagia Sophia Icons Excommunicated The leaders of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church excommunicated each other. Schism Pope Urban II called for a “holy war” also known as…? Crusade Purpose was to regain the holy lands (Jerusalem) which was lost to Muslim invaders. What famous English king lead the third Crusade? Richard the Lion Hearted What was the result of the 4th Crusade? Instead of recapturing the Holy Land the Christian warriors invaded the Christian city of Constantinople. What was the name for the Spanish Crusade? Reconquista Chapter 10; Section 1 Peasants, Trade, and Cities Peasants legally bound to work land became known as? Serfs What was the name for an association of people with the same occupation? Guild Know the levels Apprentice Journeymen Master What system allowed manors to produce more food? 3 Field System Chapter 10; Section 2 Medieval Christianity The church realized the need to be independent from the different lords operating in Europe, and so you begin so see the emergence of the power of the church. What was the tribunal held by the church to suppress heresy? Inquisition Chapter 10; Section 3 Culture of the Middle Ages Architecture of this time is described how? Gothic What is the name for men who tried to reconcile faith and reason. Scholastics The movement is known as scholasticism Name the scholar who argued that religious truths could be proved by logical argument. Thomas Aquinas Chapter 10; Section 4 The Late Middle Ages What was the name of the disease that wiped out half of the European population. Bubonic Plague Black Death Struggles between states and the church led to what event? The Great Schism Two popes appointed at the same time. Both fought for power and influence. Who called for an end to church corruption and was killed on charges of heresy? John Hus What war was started as a result of the death of the king without a successor? Hundred Year’s War What French warrior felt “moved by God to rescue France from its English conquerors? Joan of Arc Political stability returned as power became more centralized and these states became referred to as? New Monarchies