Transcript 2015 The Protestant Reformation

Please list your grievances about
school.
Would you be willing to post this on
the Principal’s door??
• Pros
• Cons
Aim: What were the causes of
the Protestant Reformation?
Corruption in the Catholic
Church
• The Babylonian Captivity (1309-1377) –
Pope brought by, and dominated by, the
French King to Avignon, France
• The Great Schism (1378-1415) – 2 Popes,
French supported one in Avignon and a
Pope in Rome supported mostly by French
enemies
THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
Continuing crisis of the Church
 Growing popular dissatisfaction
 too much emphasis on ritual
 increasing secularization
 wealth, corruption, abuse
Caricature of Pope Alexander VI
Johan Tetzel
“As soon as the
gold in the casket
rings, the rescued
soul to heaven
springs.” – money
is raised at
alarming rate from
indulgences
Why did Luther object to the sale of
indulgences?
What were some other abuses of
the Catholic Church?
• Nepotism- giving of jobs to relatives or
friends
• Simony- bribery for pardons, or privilege
getting jobs
Martin
Luther
How was Martin Luther’s version of
Christianity different from the
Catholic Church?
THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
MARTIN LUTHER (1483-1546)
 Revised Christian doctrine
 clergy no different than rest
 rejected belief in purgatory
 reduced 7 sacraments to
2: baptism & communion
 called for end of
monasteries
Bible to be written in
the vernacular
The balance: The Church v. the Bible
Faith = Salvation
Uvm.edu
Why do you think the German
princes supported Martin Luther?
Legal Disclaimer: The prince shown is not actual size and is not necessarily German
Lutheranism
• Dominant in Northern Germany (HRE)
• Dominant in Scandinavia (Norway,
Sweden, Denmark, Iceland)
• Not a minority anywhere
Martin Luther on the peasant
rebellions of 1525
• "They should be knocked to pieces,
strangled and stabbed, secretly and
openly, by everybody who can do it,
just as one must kill a mad dog!"
Who resisted efforts of conversion?
…The Jews.
Read the documents and answer the
following questions:
1) According to Luther, why didn’t the Jews
convert to Christianity under the Catholic
banner?
2) How do you account for the very different
tones in the two documents- that are
BOTH written by Martin Luther?
Do you think Martin Luther could have been
as successful without the printing press?
John Calvin
Calvinism (1536) – NOT a
majority anywhere BUT a
minority in many places
• Calvin fled France in 1536, went to
Switzerland
• Published Institutes of the Christian
Religion
• Faith alone to achieve salvation
• Predestination
• The Consistory was established to
oversee moral life/punish sinners
Calvinist Sins
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Dancing
Singing obscene songs
Drunkenness
Swearing
Playing cards
Wearing flashy clothes
Idleness
Gossiping
Q: Why do you think Louis XIV’s revocation of the Edict of Nantes, which resulted in the
expulsion of the (Calvinist) Huguenots, proved to be a big mistake?
Types of Calvinism
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Puritans - England
Huguenots - France
Presbyterians - Scotland
Congregationalists - USA
Summary: How did the Protestant
Reformation affect the Roman Catholic
Church? How do you think the Church will
react??
Differences between Church
(Catholics) and Protestants
• denied the power of the pope and church
ceremonies
• Believed that faith in God’s mercy gave
salvation
• Accepted only the sacraments of Baptism
and the Lord’s Supper (Communion)
• Encouraged individual interpretation of the
Bible
The Counter-Reformation
• Council of Trent – 1543-1563
- addresses corruption – bans indulgences
- Reaffirms and clearly defines Church doctrine (need for
ceremonies, need Church for Grace, action + faith =
salvation)
- New Religious Orders (Jesuits – Society of Jesus) –
Ignatius Loyola
Example of salvation by good deeds
Monks – best educated, found colleges, argue with
Protestants over doctrine, new missionaries (promote
Catholicism)
Christianity Divisions and
Timeline part 1
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Early 30CE-313 CE – Christianity is a minority (but growing) religion in Roman
Empire
313CE – Christianity becomes legalized religion in the Roman Empire (Emperor
Constantine’s conversion – capital of Empire moved to Constantinople)
325 CE – Christianity is unified in Council of Nicea
380 CE – Christianity becomes official religion of Roman Empire (Emperor
Theodosius)
Western Roman Empire ----------------------------------------- Eastern Roman Empire
(Catholic Church)
(Orthodox Church)
-Bishop of Rome (Head of Church)
-Bishop of Constantinople (Head of
Church)
Only Bishop in West
3 Other Main Bishops in East
476 – City of Rome Falls
Byzantine Empire represents continuation of
Rome
1023 – Official Split of 2 Churches
Christianity Divisions and
Timeline part 2
– 1,000,000,000 Catholics, 550,000,000 Protestants,
450,000,000 Orthodox Christians
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1054 Official division of Orthodoxy and Catholicism (The Great Schism)
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500- 1450 Middle Ages
Local Churchs (not unified)
500-1450 Byzantine Empire
Unified Church, Iconoclasm practices
1550s – Today (Split of Western Christianity) 1453 Byzantine Empire falls to Ottomans
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Roman Catholic vs Protestantism
Eastern Orthodox Christians move
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(Lutherans, Calvinists,
Greek Orthodox Church
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Anabaptists, Anglicans, etc.)
Russian Orthodox Church
Strong + necessary
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Eastern Orthodox Church
Church Leadership
Individualism
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Faith + Bible
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Weak Church
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-1650 European Religious Wars
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Expansion into
Expansion into
Latin America via
North America
Spain + Portugal
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