Transcript The European Heritage - St. Joseph Hill Academy

The European Heritage
Chapter 1 Section 4
Key Terms
• Define: monotheism, salvation, direct democracy,
republic, fedualism
Judeo-Christian Tradition
• Judeo-Christian: the influence of Judaism and
Christianity that shaped European values
Judaism
• First major world religion to teach monotheism.
• Moses brought the Ten Commandments to the
Israelites.
• All rulers had to obey God.
Christianity
• A Jewish teacher names Jesus began to preach in Galilee. He was
known as the Messiah, chosen by God to save the world.
• Jesus was crucified by Roman rulers and rose from the dead three
days later.
• Book of worship: Bible (Gospels show how Jesus taught and
performed miracles)
• Emphasis on love, mercy, forgiveness, and salvation
• Christianity spread quickly and were often persecuted. It later
became the official religion of the Roman Empire.
Athenian Democracy
• In the 5th century Athens became a direct
democracy.
• Women, slaves, and foreign born people could not
participate in government.
• Believed in education
*Boys studied in schools and were trained to
speak in the assembly.
Roman Government and Law
• In 509 BC the Romans overthrew their King and
set up a republic.
• Roman republic: elected the senate
• Rome’s code of laws: defined the rights of
citizens; everyone was equal
*Innocent until proven guilty (basis for America)
• 27 BC: Octavian became emperor
The Middle Ages
• The 1000 year period after the fall of Rome.
• 9th century feudalism
• Roman Catholic Church was powerful and was
the center of learning.
• Medieval Europe
The Crusades
• In 1095 Pope Urban II declared a crusade or Holy
War, to win back the holy land, where Jesus lived,
• There were 9 crusades over the next 200 years, all
failed.
• Long term effects: 1) Europeans became closer to
Muslims 2) New foods and spices 3) Advanced
technology, like navigation (trade)
The Renaissance
• 1300’s: Rebirth of learning
• Science and invention flourished
*Johann Gutenberg: printing press (books became
more widely available).
• Rediscovery of classical literature
• Art
The Reformation
• Martin Luther: unhappy with Catholic Church and
in 1517 demanded a reform (change)
• He was rejected and rebelled.
• His followers became known as Protestants and
this movement became known as the Protestant
Reformation.
• Wars continued for many years.
Age of Exploration
• Prince Henry the Navigator: wanted to expand Portuguese power and
Christianity.
*He set up a center for exploration and brought in experts to teach his crew
about navigation and map making.
• Vasco de Gama: Portuguese sailor; found trade route through Africa to India.
Handout
Crusade Assignment: P. 30 #7
HW: Choose one topic from the following website and write 1 paragraph to answer
it: http://library.thinkquest.org/C005356/A-essaytops.htm