Transcript Sejarah Teknologi

Manajemen StrategisTeknologi
Sejarah Teknologi
Gavin Mackay
Dr.Ir.Hari G Soeparto MT,
Email: [email protected]
Stone Age
 Mesolithic
 Neolithic
 Fire
 Stone tools and weapons
 Clothing
 Outrigger boat technology
 Music
 Organized warfare
 Shift from Nomadic to settlement
 Evidence – tools, cave paintings, and other prehistoric
art
* No Written evidence
Copper and Bronze Age (3000 B.C.)
 Neolithic included development of agriculture,
animal domestication and permanent
settlements
 Need for metal smelting first copper then
bronze
Iron Age
 1200 B.C. Europe Middle East 600 B.C. in
China
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Improved tools and weapons
Last major step before written language
Ancient Civilizations
 Egyptian Technology (3200 B.C. – 332 B.C.)
 Egyptian inventions ramp and lever
 Paper from papyrus
 Pottery
 Wheel (first thought to be invented in Iran in 4,000 B.C.)
 Introduced by foreign invaders and used by Egyptians
for chariots
 Also shipping and lighthouses developed
Chariot
Siege Weapon
Tribal Europe
 1,000 – 500 B.C.
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German tribes in Bronze age
Celts in Iron age
Time of hellstat culture colliding with military
and agriculture practices of Romans
Ancient Greece (1,200 – 323 B.C.)
 Heron of Alexander makes basic steam
engine
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Archimedes screw
Ballistag Crossbow to siege weapons
Simple analog computers
Antikytheric mechanism for calculation of
astronomical positions
Ancient Greece (cont’d)
 150 – 100 B.C.
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Watermills, wind mills
Global pioneers in three of the four known
means of nonhuman propulsion (4th is sail)
Archimedes
Watermill
Windmill
Rome (750 B.C. – 500 A.D.)
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Sophisticated agriculture
Laws of individual ownership
Advanced stone masonry technology
Road building exceeded only in 19th century
Military engineering, civil engineering
Spinning and weaving
Mechanical reaper (forgotten in dark ages)
First to build amphitheatre, aquaducts, public baths
Stone bridges, vaults and domes
Rome (cont’d)
 Concentrated sand which contained cystalline
grains and some buildings have lasted over
2,000 years
 Urban Roman life included multi storey
apartment blocks street paving, public flush
toilets, glass windows and floor and wall
heating
 Some technologies lost in middle ages and
reinvented in 19th and 20th centuries
Amphitheatre
India
 Indus valley civilization 5,300 – 1,700 B.C.
 Early cities
 Takshasilla University (students from all over
Asia: Persians, Greek, Chinese)
 Perfumes
 Vegetable dyes
China (1,600 B.C.)
 One Scottish researcher believes China made many
first known discoveries
 Seismological detecting machines, matches, paper,
sliding calipers double action pistons pump, multi
tube seed drill, the wheelbarrow, suspension bridges
parachute, natural gas as fuel, magnetic compass,
raised relief maps, propeller
 Solid rocket fuel (1150)
Inca (Empire 1438 to 1538 AD)
 Stone work (one ton piece)
 Irrigation canals
 Hydroponics
Maya (1200 B.C. – 900 AD)
 No metallurgy or wheels invented but
complex writing and astrological systems
Medieval
 Medieval backward step but mechanical
clocks, spectacles and vertical windmills
Renaissance
 Age of exploration; European colonization of
the Americas, Africa, Australasia
 Rediscovered civil code
Industrial Revolution
 Mid 18th and early 19th century
 Began in Britain and spread throughout the
world
 Manual labor replaced by industry and
manufacturing of machinery
 Started with textile industry, iron making and
use of coal as an energy fuel, transportation
(canals, improved roads, railways, and steam
power)
Steam Engine
Steam Locomotion
Steamship
19th Century
 Iron clad steamships, machine tools
 Second industrial revolution with rapid
development in chemical, electrical,
petroleum and steel technologies
History of Digital Computing
 1940s (WW2) Parallel activities in USA, Britain and
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Germany
On valve driven digital computers although some
decimal programming also designed
Transistors invented in USA in 1947
1890 Tabulation Machine company formed to cope
with census taking, this company became IBM
Word processing introduced in 1970 allowing
operator users
Pengembangan Teknologi
dilihat dari Perspektif Waktu
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Teknologi Masa Kini
Teknologi Mendatang
Teknologi Baru
Teknologi Masa depan
Teknologi ‘Sun Rise’
Teknologi Senja
Teknologi Buntu
What Next?
4 Teknologi dimasa depan (James
Canton Ph.D)
Teknologi Cyber
2. Biotech
3. Nanotech
4. Entertainment Technology
1.
Teknologi Cyber
 Internet Broadband makin berkembang
 Silico Life-Robotic
 Electronic Education
Biotech
 Rekayasa genetika
 Kesehatan
Nanotech
 Molecular Manufacturing
 Micro machines
Entertainment Technology
 Virtual reality
 Participatory Entertainment
3D