Transcript File - swreenpunian

HISTORY OF COMPUTER
TECHNOLOGY
OVERVIEW

Many computer historians like to start the timeline of computers couple thousand years ago.

In 1642, a guy name Blaise Pascal invented a numerical wheel calculator that helped his
father do taxes.

In 1812, Charles Babbage recognized how well math and machines work well together.

Machines were made to do taxes, solve math problems and other things by different people.

Babbage created many devices such as an input for the computer.
FIRST GENERATION
COMPUTERS

They were introduced during World War II

The US Army created a machine that started in 1943 and was completed in 1946. Called the
ENIAC.
 It could complete complex calculations than any other calculator used. By calculating 60
second trajectory in 30 seconds.
 Only consumed 200 kilowatts.
 The EDVAC and UNIVAC were created later on by John Von Neumann and Remington
Rand.

UNIVAC was the first computer device available on commercials.
SECOND GENERATION
COMPUTERS

First built in 1956, were used by transistors.

Transistors were much smaller and faster.
 They were used in laboratories and US Navy Research and Development Center.

During second generation computers, printers and other hardware's were advanced.

Machine language and assembly language were introduced.

Scientists developed high- level languages such as COBOL.
 COBOL were writing material used for business use.

FORTRAN was a writing material that scientists used.
THIRD GENERATION
COMPUTERS
 Were made in the late 1950s. Invented by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce.
 Less heat than Transistors.

A chip was used in third generation computers more than transistors.

A chip is a small tiny packaged device that has electronic pathways.

These “chips” have turned into small laptop size from room sized computers.

They have more power than the other two generations and have become way smaller.
FOURTH GENERATION
COMPUTERS
 First fourth generation computer appeared in 1947. Called, MITS Altair 8800.
 Was faster, smaller and ready for independent users.
 Other PC’s available were the Apple I and II and the Commodore PET.
 One computer company called IBM launched their first PC in 1981.
 Did you know, that by 1990, 65 billon PC’s were in use?
 Also an estimated of 1 billon PC’s are used worldwide after 20 years of the release of PC’s.
 Today PC’s include UNIX and Windows.
 Computers can be used for keeping track of bank accounts, design buildings, cars and many
more.
COMPUTER HARDWARE
AND SOFTWARE
DEFINE HARDWARE AND
INPUT/ OUTPUT DEVICES
 Input devices let people enter in information so the designed computer can do the work.
 The keyboard and mouse are not the only device that lets you input data.
 Some other devices that let you input data is scanners, digitizing pads and even the
controllers you use for your video games.
 New technologies are explored everyday. Such as translating your voice into text in Google
browser.
 Some other things that can turn to text is your eye or head movement, to text.
 Almost all computers give access to disability people to use designed keyboards online and
other devices.
 Without output devices people would have no idea if the computers are doing the right thing
or not.
 Computers in the past used lights as there outputs.
 Most common output these days is the monitor.
 Printer can be another example.
PROCESSORS AND
MEMORY

Probably the most important component of a computer is a central processing unit.

The CPU can be known has the brain of the computer, performs very basic tasks.

Some things the CPU does is solving math problems.

Sending emails is part of the one and off states that a CPU does.

Even though the CPU can perform big calculations, it has no memory.

When the CPU finishes one calculation it will automatically start on the next one while
forgetting the one it just performed.
 RAM is stores the data go and comes from the CPU.

RAM does not keep storage for a long time.
 When you turn off your computer all the data in the RAM will be lost.
HARD DRIVES AND
REMOVABLE STORAGE
 Computers can use CD- ROMS, floppy disks and other hard drives.
 All of the hard drives use different techniques for storing and retrieving data.
 The storage is measured by the bits of data a medium can store.
 Some ‘bits” include kilobytes, gigabytes and kilograms. They all store and are measured in
different ways.
 Hard drives and hard disks can be used to store data.
 Other drives include zip drives, usb, flash media and many more.
 Current desktop hard drives can hold hundreds of gigabytes.
NETWORKS
 Can be used for connecting computers together, sharing files and other programs.

Only small business operate without network computers.

Most networks use cabling or wireless links.

Networks use a NIC card, which allows data to travel between networks.

Three most common network topologies, Bus, Star and Ring.

Those topologies, perform or hold different devices.
OPERATING SYSTEMS
 All the work you do on your computer needs a software.
 Can be divided into the following categories, systems and applicants.
 Can function, emails, word processors, PowerPoint, animation and games.
 Application software need operating systems to run.
 Types of software systems include, Unix/linux, Mac0S and DOS/ Windows.
 Single use, multitasking and multiuser are some categories.
 Windows introduced a Windows 95 that doesn’t need DOS.
SOFTWARE APPLICANTS

Runs on minimal hardware, must be installed on the computer in order to run.
 Not all software runs on your computer, you have to download.

These days, applicants can be downloaded from the internet.

You can use Java to do the above.

Web services allow you to exchange information via internet.

Desktop software runs on a small hardware.