Transcript Computer Hardware and Software - Novell Open Enterprise Server 2

Computer Hardware & Software
Computer
 Electronic device that has:
Input
2. Output
3. Storage
4. Processing
1.
Software
 Collection of instructions that tell the computer what
to do
Types:
1. System Software
2. Application Software
Operating Systems
 Interface between the user, the application software
and the computer
Examples:
Windows (8,7, Vista, XP)
Mac OS (Mountain Lion, Leopard, OSX)
Linux
Android
IOS
Interface
- The way the user communicates with the user
Types:
1. Graphical User Interface
2. Command Line
3. Voice Recognition
Application Software
 Performs specific tasks
Examples:
 Microsoft Word
 Internet Explorer
 Angry Birds
System Software Utilities
- Used to optimize or maintain a computer
Examples:
 Disk Defragmenter
 Screen Saver
 File Compression
 Others
Desktop
Computer – displays all drives and hardware
Window Views – ways to arrange multiple windows
(right click on task bar)

Cascade, Tile Horizontal, & Tile Vertically
Active Window – window you are currently working
in
Special Keys
Alt – used with an underlined menu character
Ctrl – performs a command within a menu
Windows – opens the start menu
Aerosnap – maximizes the window
Aeroshake – minimizes all other windows
Screen Shots
 Take a picture of what is on your monitor
Print Screen – allows you to paste a picture of what
is on your monitor
Alt Print Screen – allows you to paste a picture of
the active window
Snipping tool – allows you to select what you want
to create a picture of what’s on your monitor
Clipboard – temporary storage area, where copied or
cut items are saved
Computer Eras
Pre-Computer Era – not electronic

Abacus, slide rule, & mechanical calculator
First Generation – powered by vacuum tubes
Second Generation – powered by transistors
Third Generation – powered by integrated circuits
Fourth Generation – powered by microprocessors

Personal Computers
Fifth Generation – artificial intelligence

Allows the computer to think, learn, and reason
Types of Computers
Personal Computer
2. Mid-range Server
3. Mainframe
4. Supercomputer
1.
Data
Data – raw, unorganized

Numbers, letters, symbols
Information – data that has been processed and has
meaning
Bit- binary digit, smallest unit of data

Either a 1 or 0
Byte – combination of bits (8, 32, or 64 bits)

1 byte = 1 character
Data Representation
Type
Abbreviation
Approximation
Actual
Kilobyte
Kb
1 thousand
1024
Megabyte
Mb
1 million
1,048,576
Gigabyte
Gb
1 billion
1,073,741,824
Terabyte
Tb
1 trillion
1,099,511,627,776
Petabyte
Pb
1 quadrillion
1,125,899,906,842,624
What is a Computer?
 An electronic device that has:
Input
2. Processing
3. Output
4. Storage
1.
Input Hardware
 Accepts data from the user
Examples:
 Keyboards
 Mouse
 Scanners
 Microphone
 Others?
Processing Hardware
 Microprocessor or Processor
 Speed is measured in Hertz
 Other hardware inside system unit
 Motherboard
 Expansion ports
Output Hardware
 Display the results (information)
Examples:
 Monitors/Screens


Pixel – block or dot of color
Size – measured diagonally
 Printers
 Laser, Ink Jet, Dot Matrix, Specialty printers
 Others?
Memory (Storage)
 Random Access Memory (RAM)
 Volatile – temporary, erased when power it turned off
 Read Only Memory
 Non-Volatile – permanent
 Magnetic – floppies
 Optical – CDs & DVDs
 Flash – jump drives, memory cards
 Remote
Considerations (Essential *)
1. Processor (type and speed) *
2. Memory (RAM) *
3. Drives (type/capacity) *
4. Peripherals–(screen, keyboard, mouse, speakers, etc.) *
5. Ports or connections (types and locations) *
6. Price
7. Tasks it must perform – Gaming, productivity ….
8. Chassis/Form Factor (footprint)
9. Platform (OS)
10. Networking (wired and wireless)
11. Bundled software
12. Potential vendors
13. Warranty/Shipping/Support
File Types
File Extension
Type of File
.html
Webpage
.doc
Word document
.xls
Microsoft Excel spreadsheet
.jpg
Picture file
.mp3
Compressed audio file
.mov
Video file