Transcript The System Unit

Chapter 5
The System Unit
Professor Michael J. Losacco
CIS 1150 – Introduction to Computer Information Systems
Overview
Chapter
5
Discuss the Types of System Units
Describe System Boards
Discuss Processors
Discuss Memory
Discuss Expansion Slots and Cards
Bus Lines, Bus Widths, Expansion Buses
Describe Ports
Discuss Power Supplies
Discuss Numbers and Characters
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System Unit Types
Chapter
5
Desktops
Tower Unit
All-in-one
Notebooks
Laptops
Netbooks
Tablets
Handhelds
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System Board
Chapter
5
AKA Motherboard
All Components Connect to It
All External Devices Connect to It
Acts as Data Path and Traffic Monitor
Provides Sockets
Connection Point For Chips
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System Board Components
Chapter
5
Chips
AKA Semiconductor, Integrated Circuit
Tiny Circuit Boards on Silicon Squares
Mounted on Carrier Packages
Slots
Connection Points for Circuit Boards
Provide Expansion Capability
Bus Lines
Communication Pathways for Components
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Microprocessor
Chapter
5
AKA Central Processing Unit or Processor
Brain of the Computer System
Components
Control Unit
Directs Movement of Electronic Signals
Between Memory, ALU, Input and Output Devices
Arithmetic-logic Unit (ALU)
Arithmetic and Logical Operations
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Microprocessor Chips
Chapter
5
Chip Capacities Expressed in Word Size
Word
Number of Bits Processed at a Time
64-bit Word Standard
Clock Speed
Processing Speed
Times Per Second CPU Processes Data
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Microprocessor Chips
Chapter
5
System Clock
Processor Speed Measured by Ticks/Second
MHz – One Million Ticks/Second
Type 100 Words/Minute = 8 Characters/Second
8088 Processor @ 4.77 MHz
Character ► 50,000 Other Tasks ► Character
GHz – One Billion Ticks per Second
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Microprocessor Chips
Chapter
5
Multi-Core Chip
Multiple Separate and Independent CPUs
Parallel Processing
Divide Tasks that can be Distributed Across Each Core
Supported by Windows 8 and Mac OS X
Coprocessors
Used to Improve Specific Operations
e.g., Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
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Memory
Chapter
5
Holding Area
For Data, Instructions, and Information
RAM (Random-access Memory)
Volatile
Holds Program Instructions and Data
That CPU is Presently Processing
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Memory
Chapter
5
Sizes
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Memory
Chapter
5
Cache Memory
Temporary High-speed Holding Area
Between Memory and CPU
Stores Most Frequently Used Data
ROM (Read-only Memory)
Non-volatile, Cannot be Updated
Flash Memory
Non-volatile, Can be Updated
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Expansion Slots and Cards
Chapter
5
Allow for System Expansion
Graphics Cards
Sound Cards
Network Interface Cards (NIC)
Wireless Network Cards
Plug and Play
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Bus Lines
Chapter
5
Pathway for Bits
Travel to/from CPU and Components
Bus Width
Number of Bits that Can Travel at Once
Categories
System Bus
Expansion Bus
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Ports
Chapter
5
Sockets for External Devices
Connects to System Board or Cards
Standard Ports
VGA, USB, Firewire, Ethernet
Cables
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Power Supply
Chapter
5
Convert AC to DC
Power System Unit Components
AC Adapters
Notebooks and Handhelds
Can Recharge Batteries
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Electronic Data and Instructions
Chapter
5
Analog Signals
Represent Different Tones, Pitches, Volume
Digital Electronic Signals
Represent Two Discrete States
On / Off
Recognized By Computers
Binary is the Equivalent Numbering System
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Numeric Representation
Chapter
5
Binary System
Bit (Binary Digit)
2 Possible Digits
On = 1; Positive Charge
Off = 0; No Charge
Byte
Eight Bits Grouped Together
Represent Letters, Numbers, Punctuation
Hexadecimal System
3
5
16 Possible Digits
D
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Character Encoding
Chapter
5
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
Microcomputers
EBCDIC
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
Mainframe
Unicode
Uses 16 bits
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Careers in IT
Chapter
5
Computer Technicians
Repair and Install Components and Systems
Work On PCs, Mainframes, Networks, Printers
Associate Degree or Computer Repair Cert
Annual Salary of $31,000 - $46,000
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