Transcript PC Internal Components

PC Internal
Components
Lesson 4
 Intel
is perhaps the most
recognizable microprocessor
manufacturer. List some
others.
Define the term Microprocessor and its
importance to a PC.
 Identify the internal components of a PC.
 Define computer bus and identify the
different parts of the bus.
 Understand cache memory and how it
works.
 Recognize the different types of
computer ports.

http://computer.howstuffworks.com/microp
rocessor.htm
November
1971 - 3 Intel engineers
invented the world’s first commercial
microprocessor, the 4004
2,300
transistors
Performed 60,000
calculations/second
Microprocessor
has become the most
complex mass-produced product ever
developed
Intel’s
based on CISC – Complex
Instruction Set Computing
Uses
commands that incorporate many
small instructions to carry out a single
operation
Also:
DEC Alpha, IBM’s RISC (Reduced
Instruction Set Computing), Cyrix Chips,
AMD Chips,etc.
Largest
circuit board inside the PC
Contains
millions of electronic circuit
elements on chips of silicon
Expansion
sockets or slots (known as the
Bus), permitting installation of additional
circuit boards
Physical
arrangement
Computer’s
Circuitry
basic circuitry and components
is imprinted or affixed to the surface
Popular
design is the AT, based on the IBM AT
motherboard
The
ATX improves on the AT design
In
both types the computer
components included in the mother
board are:
Microprocessor,
Coprocessors
(optional), Memory, BIOS, Expansion
Slots and Interconnecting Circuitry (bus)
Additional
components added to a
through expansion slots (RAM).
Electronic
interface between the
motherboard and the smaller
boards or cards in the expansion
slots is called the bus.
Physical
device that allows one hardware or
electronic interface to be adapted to another
Adapter
is often built into a card that can be
inserted into a slot
Adapts
information that is exchanged
between the microprocessor and the devices
(Video, Printer, Fax, Modems)
Add
capability to a computer in the form of
connection pinholes and a place to fit an
expansion card
Specialized
capability such as video
acceleration, sound, or disk drive control
Most
slots
desktops come with a set of expansion
ISA
(Industry Standard Architecture)
PCI
(Peripheral Component
Interconnect)
PCIE
(Peripheral Component
Interconnect Express)
AGP
RAM
(Accelerated Graphics Port)
Distributes
electricity to the
various components of the PC
system
Electrical cord plugged into
Includes a fan that cools the
internal components
Path
between components of a
computer.
Electronic pathway along which signals
are sent from one part of a computer to
another
2
1.
2.
main buses in a computer
Internal (or System) Bus
External (or Expansion) Bus
1.
Internal (or System) Bus:
2.
External (or Expansion) Bus:
◦ Resides on the motherboard
◦ Connects the CPU to other devices on
the motherboard
◦ Connects external devices to the CPU
◦ Cables are plugged into the bus
2
1.


2.


Parts
Data Bus
Transfers all of the data
Group of parallel wires, affects the
speed
Address Bus
Transfers memory addresses
Where the data is read and written to
Moving
data between RAM and the CPU’s
registers is time consuming
Cache
memory is similar to RAM, except that
it is extremely fast compared to normal
memory and is used in a different way
RAM
CPU
CACHE
CACHE
Could also be
a chip next to
CPU
Parallel
Interface
◦8 or more wires through which data bits can
flow simultaneously.
◦Examples: Printers & Scanners.
Serial
Interface
◦Data bits are transmitted one at a time through
a single wire
◦Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter
(UART) converts parallel data from the bus into
serial
◦Examples: Modem & Fax machines.
SCSI
- Small Computer System Interface
(scuzzy)
◦Extends the bus outside the computer by way of
a cable
◦Like an extension cord for the data bus
USB
– Universal Serial Bus
◦Standard now with all PC’s
◦Allows 127 devices to be connected to the bus
via a single port



Compare/Contrast at least 4 different
microprocessors. Choose different
manufacturers (Intel, AMD, TI, etc.)
Include speed, characteristics, similarities,
differences, etc.
You may work with a partner. Hand in
when completed.


Work on your projects with your partner.
Due Thursday 9/11
Directions