Transcript 2015 Exam Practice

Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
The following is a set up
“Flip Card”
to help learn the definitions
of the ecosystem unit
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Ecosystem
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
All living organisms that share
a region and interact with
each other AND non-living
components of their
environment…that is,
their physical and chemical
environment
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Biotic Factor
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Living things, their remains and
features such as nest that are
associated with the living thing’s
activities.
It includes insects, mammals,
micro-organisms, plants, plant
and animal remains, etc.
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Abiotic Factor
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
The non-living physical and
chemical components of an
ecosystem.
Examples include
temperature, wind, rainfall, air,
water and minerals
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Autotroph
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
An organism capable of
synthesizing its own food from
inorganic substances using
light or chemical energy.
Green plants, algae and some
bacteria are autotrophs.
Grade 9 Academic Science – Unit Ecosystems
Heterotroph
Grade 9 Academic Science – Unit Ecosystems
An organism that cannot
synthesize its own food and is
dependent on complex organic
substances for nutrition.
Consumers are heterotrophs
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Sustainability
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Ability to maintain a natural
ecological balance without
weakening, interruption or
loss of value
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Commensalism
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
A symbiotic relationship between two
different kinds of organisms when one
receives benefits from the other organism
while the second organism in unaffected.
An example a flatworm and a horsecrab.
The flatworm attaches to the horsecrab
and eats the scraps from the crab’s food;
yet, the crab is unaffected
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Photosynthesis
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Process in which the Sun’s
energy is converted to
chemical energy (i.e.,
sugar)
6CO2 + 6H2O + Sun energy
=
6O2 + C6H12O6
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Producer
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Organism that makes its own
energy-rich food compounds
using the Sun’s energy
(i.e., light)
On land, most producers are
green plants, and their colour
comes from chlorophyll which
captures light energy
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Consumer
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Organism that obtains its
energy from consuming other
organisms.
Consumers CANNOT
photosynthsize
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Food Chain
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Sequence of organisms, each feeding
on the next, shown how energy is
transferred from one organism to the
next.
NOTE:
Food Chains do NOT exist in nature.
Rather, they are part of a complex set
of relationships
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Food Web
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
A representation or
illustration of the
feeding relationships
within a community.
A Food Web is a
group of interwoven
Food Chains
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Carrying Capacity
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
The maximum population size of a
particular species (i.e., number of
individual organisms) that a given
ecosystem can sustain indefinitely
NOTE:
Carrying Capacity is not fixed.
It can be altered by human intervention
(e.g., draining part of a swamp) or by
naturally by “species invasions”
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Biodiversity
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Variety of life in a particular area.
It is measured by counting the
number of species in a specific
habitat or ecosystem
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Tolerance Range
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Abiotic conditions within
which a species can
survive
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Limiting Factor
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Any factor that restricts the size of
a population
Limiting factors can be biotic
(e.g., number of prey) or abiotic
(e.g., hours of sunlight)
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Theory that the Universe began in
an incredibly hot, dense
expansion from a singularity
about 14 BYA
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Big Bang Theory
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
A region of space having a
gravitational field so intense that
no matter or radiation can escape
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Black Hole
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Lunar Eclipse
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
An eclipse in which the moon
appears darkened as it passes
into the earth's shadow.
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
A large, round celestial object that
travels around a star and controls
its own neighbourhood
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Planet
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
A dark area on the Sun’s surface
that is cooler than the area
surrounding it
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Sun Spot
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
A massive collection of gases in
space that emits large amounts of
energy
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Star
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
When the Moon passes between
the Sun and the Earth so that it
blocks some or all of the Sun’s
light
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Solar Eclipse
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Solar Eclipse
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Gases and charged particles that
are blasted above an active region
of the Sun’s photosphere
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
A cloud of gas and dust in outer
space where stars are born
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Nebula
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
The distance that light travels in
one year
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Light Year
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
150,000,000 kilometres
The distance from the Sun to
Earth
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Astronomical Unit
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
A measurement of how bright an
object would be if it were 33 light
years from Earth
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Absolute Magnitude
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
The total amount of energy
emitted by a star, galaxy or other
astronomical object per unit time.
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Luminosity
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Most of the stars in the universe
(about 90%) that are fusing
hydrogen atoms to form helium
atoms in their cores.
Our Sun belongs to this grouping
of stars
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Main Sequence Stars
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Subatomic particle found in the
nucleus with a positive charge
and a mass of 1
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Proton
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
A substance made by combining
two or more different materials in
such a way that no chemical
reaction occurs (i.e., chemicals
that are not chemically bonded
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Mixture
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Maximum number of electrons in
Orbit #2 of an atom
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Eight
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Number of protons is five, number
of electrons is five and the
number of neutrons is six. Thus,
the ATOMIC MASS is….
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
11
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Characteristics of electrons
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Negative charge
Located in shells around nucleus
No mass
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
A substance formed when two or
more chemical elements are
chemically bonded together
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Compound
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Number of electrons that
Potassium (K) must give away to
achieve a stable electron
configuration
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
One
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Elements tend to combine in
such a way that each atom has
eight electrons in its valence shell
or
The name of the outer orbit shell
of electrons
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Octet
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Substances that contain only one
kind of molecule. For example,
water contains nothing but water
molecules.
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Pure Substance
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
When an element give or takes an
electron, it becomes an….
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Ion
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Chemical name for NaCl
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Sodium chloride
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Chemical name for MgCl2
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Magnesium chloride
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Chemical formula for
lithium sulfide
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Li2S
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
A substance that is made entirely
from one type of atom
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Element
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Metallic elements found in the
Group #2 of the periodic table.
They have an oxidation number of
+2, making them very reactive.
Due to their reactivity, the alkaline
metals are not found free (i.e., by
themselves) in nature.
They are all shiny, silvery-white
solid metals.
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Alkaline Earth Metals
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Five ways you know a chemical
reaction has happened
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Colour change
Heat or light produced
Odour (smell) produced
Gas produced
Solid precipitate forms from
two liquids
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Subatomic particle with no
charge, mass = 1, and found
inside the nucleus
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Neutron
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Type of bond where one element
gives an electron and one element
takes an electrons
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Ionic Bond
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Non-metallic elements Group #17.
All have seven electrons in their
outer shell of electrons. At room
temperature, they exist in three
states of matter (e.g., Fluorine is a
gas at room temperature while
Bromine is a liquid)
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Halogen Gas
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Number of electrons is 19,
number of protons is 19 and the
number of neutrons is 20. Thus,
the ATOMIC NUMBER is….
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
19
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Atomic Mass =
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Number of protons
+
Number of neutrons
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Any of the elements in Group #18
including helium, neon, argon,
krypton, xenon and radon which
have a full octet of electrons in
their outer shell so that are
electronically stable (i.e., do not
react). They are also called inert
gas.
Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice
Noble Gases