Transcript ppt-lec-01-chem-442-igc-fall-2016

Green Chemistry
Dr Seemal Jelani
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Green Chemistry Is About...
Waste
Materials
Hazard
Risk
Energy
Cost
Definition
Green chemistry is a pro-active
approach to pollution prevention.
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How it works?
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It targets pollution at the design stage,
before it even begins.
If chemists are taught to develop
products and materials in a manner that
does not use hazardous substances,
then much waste, hazards and cost can
be avoided.
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Green Chemistry is designing chemical
products and processes that reduce or
eliminate the use and/or the generation
of hazardous substances.
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Sustainability
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Meeting the needs of the present generation without
compromising the needs of future generations
Is the
goal
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Green chemistry: technologies of the invention, design
and application of chemical products and processes to
reduce or to eliminate the use and generation of
hazardous substances ,and where possible utilize
renewable raw materials
is the
means
Primary pollution prevention not remediation
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Use of chemistry for improved
environmental performance6
Environmental Movement
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Public Awareness
Pollution Prevention Act
Publications of effects and
consequences
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Environmental Movement
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“Dilution is solution”
Pollution Prevention Act
– option of first choice
– national policy of US
“Alternative Synthetic Pathways for Pollution
Prevention”
– design synthesis of chemicals for PP
– collaborations, voluntary partnerships
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Green Chemistry
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Carrying out chemical activities,
including chemical design, manufacture,
use, and disposal, such that hazardous
substances will not be used and
generated
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Green Chemistry
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Green chemistry is the use of chemistry for
pollution prevention
Design of chemical products and processes
that are more environmentally benign
Reduction or elimination of the use or
generation of hazardous substances
associated with a particular synthesis or
process
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What is the difference between
Environmental Science and Green
Chemistry?
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Both areas of study seek to make the
world a better place. The two are
complimentary to each other.
Environmental Science identifies
sources, elucidates mechanisms and
quantifies problems in the earth’s
environment.
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Green Chemistry seeks to solve these
problems by creating alternative, safe
technologies.
 Green Chemistry is not Environmental
Chemistry.
 Green Chemistry targets pollution
prevention at the source, during the
design stage of a chemical product or
process, and thus prevents pollution
before it begins. Chem-442
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Areas of Research
Feedstocks / Starting Materials
 Reagents or Transformations
 Reaction Conditions
 Final Product
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Feedstocks / Starting Materials
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Select and utilize more benign starting materials
– reduction in amount used
– reduction of essential toxicity through structural
modification / replacement
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Risks can be reduced through protective gear and
control techniques, but GC may be more cost
effective and safer
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Examples
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Alternative Synthetic Pathways Award
Flexsys America L.P.
New Process for 4-Aminodiphenylamine
Academic Award
Terrence J. Collins
Carnegie Mellon University
TAML™ Oxidant Activators: General Activation of
Hydrogen Peroxide for Green Oxidation
Technologies
Eliminate use of acids to break initial bonds
Phosgene replacement
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Alternative Reagents
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Assessment of the hazard of reagent
Evaluation of synthetic transformation
associated with use of specific reagents
– determine product sensitivity
– reaction efficiency
Improve reaction efficiency
Reduce needed quantity
– eg. Choose catalytic reagent to stoichiometric
reagent
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Examples
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Use of visible light as reagent
Alternative Synthetic Pathways Award
Lilly Research Laboratories
Practical Application of a Biocatalyst in Pharmaceutical
Manufacturing
Dr. Karen M. Draths
Professor John W. Frost
Michigan State University
Use of Microbes as Environmentally-Benign Synthetic Catalysts
Academic Award
Terrence J. Collins
Carnegie Mellon University
TAML™ Oxidant Activators: General Activation of Hydrogen
Peroxide for Green Oxidation Technologies
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Alternative Reaction Conditions
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Reduce or eliminate solvents used in reaction media,
separations, formulations
– use of supercritical fluids as solvents
– able to tune supercritical fluids by choosing critical
region to conduct chemistry
Use aqueous solvent systems in place of organic
solvents in chemical manufacturing
Use Supercritical CO2 as a solvent
Reduce operating temperatures
Must evaluate impact on case by case basis
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Alternative Reaction Conditions
Alternative Solvents and Reaction Conditions Award
Nalco Chemical Company
The Development and Commercialization of ULTIMER®®: The
First of a New Family of Water Soluble Polymer Dispersions
 Alternative Solvents/Reaction Conditions Award
Argonne National Laboratory
Novel Membrane-Based Process for Producing Lactate Esters.
Nontoxic Replacements for Halogenated and Toxic Solvents
 Alternative Solvents/Reaction Conditions Award
Imation
Dry View™ Imaging Systems
 Alternative Solvents/Reaction Conditions Award
The Dow Chemical Company
The Development and Commercial Implementation of 100
Percent Carbon Dioxide as an Environmentally Friendly Blowing
Agent for the Polystyrene Foam
Packaging Market
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Alternative Products
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Identify part of molecule that is providing intended
use and part of molecule responsible for toxicity or
other hazards
Reduce toxicity w/o sacrificing efficacy of function
– eliminate toxic functional groups
– make molecule less bioavailable
Pharmaceutical and pesticide manufacturing
Change or replace products
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Alternative Products
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Designing Safer Chemicals Award
Rohm and Haas Company
Designing an Environmentally Safe Marine Antifoulant
Small Business Award
Legacy Systems Incorporated
Coldstrip™, A Revolutionary Organic Removal and Wet
Cleaning Technology
Designing Safer Chemicals Award
Albright and Wilson Americas
THPS Biocides: A New Class of Antimicrobial Chemistry
Designing Safer Chemicals Award
Rohm and Haas Company
The Invention and Commercialization of a New Chemical Family
of Insecticides Exemplified by CONFIRM™ Insecticide
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Program
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EPA Green Chemistry Program
– fosters research, development, implementation of
innovative chemical technologies for pollution
prevention in BOTH a scientifically sound and cost
effective manner
– Supports fundamental chemical research,
educational activities, international meetings and
conferences, toll development, in partnership with
academia, industry and other agencies
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Partnerships
Scientific organizations
 Industry
 Trade associations
 Academia
 Government
 National Labs
 Research centers
 Environmental groups
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 International organizations
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GC-ES
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Identifies opportunities to reduce or
eliminate hazardous substances
Suggests molecular modifications to
minimize toxicity
Technical information on green
synthesis
Database of useful green chemistry
references
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Conclusion
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Goal of benign chemistry
– synthesizing classes of chemicals
– developing reaction types (stereo-specific)
Dramatic increase in funding, with support
expected to continue
Green chemistry research conducted in labs
in academia, industry, and government
around the world
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Outcome
Illustrate the whole information
presented in this powerpoint in the form
of pictorial representation.
 Date of representation:
19th Sep, 2016
There will be no more retake of this
activity
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