Transcript Muslim Empires – Beginnings of an Empire

• Islam gradually spread through the areas Muslims conquered, via ____________________
• Merchants took Islamic beliefs along with
their goods to _________, ___________,
and ________________________________
• As Islam spread Muslims generally practiced
_______________________, or acceptance
• For example, they did NOT ban all other
_________________, especially Christians
and Jews since they had many
_____________________________________
• Many people____________________ by Muslims did eventually
___________________ to Islam
• In the mid-1200s Muslim Turkish warriors
called Ottomans began taking ________
from the Christian _____________________
• The key to their success was their ________
• Ottomans trained Janissaries:
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
• They also benefited from the use of new weapons and __________________________
• In 1453 _______________ conquered the city of Constantinople and changed the city’s
name to _____________________, which became the new capital of the Ottoman Empire
• DECLINE: Empire reached its height under ______________ in the mid-1500s, and
lasted all the way to________ when The Ottomans lost their remaining territory after
losing ______________________________
• As the Ottoman Empire was reaching its
peak, the Safavids were gaining power in the
East...and would eventually clash.
• Empire began in __________ when
_______________ conquered _____________
• Esma’il made ____________ the official religion
• In 1588 the greatest Safavid leader,
______________, became shah of the empire
• He strengthened the __________________, gave
his soldiers ________________ weapons, and
copying the __________________, trained foreign
slave boys to be soldiers
• Under ‘Abbas’s rule the Safavids defeated the ____________ and took back land that
had been lost to the Ottomans.
• DECLINE: Constant threats from the Ottomans to the west, Afghan tribes (like the Uzbeks)
to the North and East, and _________________________ after ‘Abbas led to the end of
the Safavid Empire
• Established by a leader named ______________; He tried for years to build an empire in
Central Asia. When he did not succeed there, he decided to create an empire in northern
____________ instead
• In the mid-1500s an emperor named ___________ conquered many new lands and
increased the emperor’s power. He also instituted a policy of ______________ tolerance
• The Mughals became known for their monumental works
of architecture. One famous example of this architecture is
the ______________________
• In the late 1600s, an emperor ________________
Akbar’s tolerant policies. He destroyed many
__________temples, and violent revolts broke out.
• DECLINE: 1. Reversal of religious tolerance caused conflict
with Hindus; 2. No law of __________________ for
choosing Kings caused violent struggles for power;
3. Rise of European powers, specifically_____________,
brought stronger challengers to India
• The empires of the Islamic world made great advances in many fields—
astronomy, geography, philosophy, math, and science
• Scholars at _________________and ____________________ translated
ancient writings on these subjects into Arabic. Scholars all over the Arabic
world then used these ancient writings as the bases for their own works
IMPORTANT ISLAMIC INVENTIONS/INNOVATIONS OR IMPROVEMENTS
• Use of Gunpowder for weapons – didn’t
invent gunpowder, but
____________________________________
____________________________________
• Inoculations – first to use _____________________________ to
fight ___________________
• Arabic Numbers – the _________ of the
number system we use today;
developed _______________
• Coffee– “The best part of waking up....”
• Cameras – First pin-hole camera invented by
________________________________
• Checks – “Saqq”s were first used by Arab
traders as ______________________ for goods ;
__________ than carrying large sums of money
across dangerous territory
• Surgical Tools – Many of today’s surgical tools
are ___________________________ as those
Muslims designed in the 10th century