Transcript Byzantine Empire part 3

Byzantine Empire
Rising Competition
The Islamic Empire
• Remember Muhammad?
– Sets up new religion, Islam
– Dies and everyone fights over who is in charge
(Sunni/Shiite divide)
• Some supported Abu Bakr (Muhammad's father in law)
• Others wanted Muhammad Ali to rule as imam
– Ali gets control, but is assassinated
– The Sunnis lead under the Umayyads until 750
– Another revolts gives power to Abu al-Abbas (the Shiites)
and creates the Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258)
• During this dynasty the Muslims experienced:
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The reign of caliph Harun al Rashid “The Upright” (786-809)
The reign of Harun’s son, Ma’mun (813-833)
A golden age of learning and trade
Bagdad became the new capital and a center for commerce that
connected Europe to Asia and Africa
• The caliph became more regal
– He had a diwan (council) and a vizier (prime minister)
The Turks
• The Abbasid dynasty fell into civil war each time
the leader died and corruption weakened their
power
• Persians and Turks began to rise in the ranks of
the dynasty’s military
• In the mean time, the Seljuk Turks (nomadic
people from Central Asia) were moving in
• In 1055, they grabbed Bagdad and the leader
claimed his rule as sultan (holder of power)
• They fought the Byzantines in 1071 and took
most of the Anatolian Peninsula
– *The Byzantines begged the west for help which
actually triggered the Crusades*
– As Muslims, the Turks unified and empowered the
Islamic empire
• But they were still seen as “foreign barbarians” by the
Shiites and Sunnis
Byzantines start something they can’t finish
• Alexius I is outraged by the Turks invasion of the Anatolian
Peninsula
– So he tells the west that the Turks (and all Muslims by proxy) are
desecrating religious sites when they take land
– This starts a big fight called the Crusades that lasts from 1096 to
the 13th century
– The Turks did not respond with much force, but…
• A vizier (prime minister) named Saladin takes over by force and names
himself Sultan
• He invades Jerusalem in 1187 and beats back the Christians and there is no
going back after that (we will go through the details of the Crusades later)
Oh, and the Mongols too
The Mongols began with Genghis Khan in China
– They spread their control to Persia and Mesopotamia under Kubilai Khan in
1258
• They overtook the caliphate of Bagdad as well
– The Mongols were known for:
• Destroying everything (including pets)
• Eventually taking on the cultures that they conquered
– Converting to Islam
– Taking on Persian food, dress, etc.
– The Mongols were stopped at Egypt by the Mamluks
• The Mamluks had recently overthrown Saladin’s crew (the Fatimids)
• This made Cairo the new center of the Islamic empire
– In pairs
Review Time
• Create your own movie reference to help us understand the
Russians and the Turks.
• Include at least 10 of the major people/terms
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Cyril and Methodius
East Central Borderlands
Kiev
Rurik
Kievan Rus
Vladimir I
Russian Orthodox
The relationship between Kiev and Byzantium
Yaroslav
Boyars
The Mongols (Tatars)
The “Third Rome”