Transcript THE CRUSADES

THE CRUSADES
A Quest for the Holy Land
Crusades
• A long series or Wars
between Christians
and Muslims
• They fought over
control of Jerusalem
which was called the
Holy Land because it
was the region where
Jesus had lived,
preached and died
Causes of the Crusades
Muslim Turks
captured Jerusalem
from the Byzantine
Empire
Muslims stopped
Christians from
Visiting Holy Land
Christian pilgrims
were attacked
Byzantine Empire
feared attack on
Constantinople
The Call to Arms
• Pope Urban II
called for the
defeat of the
Turks, returning
the Holy Land to
the Christians
Who Answered the Call?
•Feudal Lords
•Knights
•Peasants
The First Crusade (1096-1099)
• Peasant army
– Untrained
– Lacked military
equipment
– Many killed by
Muslim Turks
• Knights
– Succeeded in
capturing Jerusalem
Second Crusade (1147-1149)
• After victory many Christians went back
home.
• The Turks eventually took back much of
the territory.
• King of France and Emperor of Germany
sent troops to stop the Turks.
Second Crusade (1147-1149)
• Saladin leads the
Muslim Turks to
victory, defeating
the Christians
• * He was considered a very
wise ruler. He was known for
his sometimes kind treatment
of fallen enemies. Many
Christians saw him as a model
of knightly chivalry.
Third Crusade (1189-1192)
• King Richard of
England convinces
the Turks to allow
Christians to visit
the Holy Land
Crusades Continue Through 1200’s
• Several more crusades attempted with no
victories for the Christians
• Children’s crusade, - 30,000 soldiers many of them under 12 years old – Never
made it to the Holy Land
The Fall of Constantinople
• in 1204, the
Crusaders
attacked,
conquered, and
pillaged the city of
Constantinople, a
goal that the
Muslims had been
trying achieve for
centuries
Conquered by the Ottoman
Turks
• In 1453, the city was
finally and
permanently
conquered by the
Ottoman Turks and
renamed Istanbul.
Byzantine culture,
law, and
administration came
to its final end.
Contribution to Western
Civilization
• Throughout the early Middle Ages, the
Byzantine Empire remained a protective
barrier between western Europe and hostile
Persian, Arab, and Turkish armies.
• The Byzantines were also a major conduit
of classical learning and science into the
West down to the Renaissance. While
western Europeans were fumbling to create
a culture of their own, the cities of the
Byzantine Empire provided them a model of
a civilized society.
Emperor Suleiman
• Leader of Ottoman
Empire from 15201566.
• Sets out on military
conquests and takes
over land in the Middle
East and Western
Europe.
• Takes over trade in Red
and Mediterranean
Seas.
Cultural and Social Impact
• Sponsored the arts and
encouraged artists from
Muslim areas to mix with
Turkish and European arts.
• Promoted poetry and wrote
poems under different
names.
• Sponsors projects to
beautify Constantinople and
rebuilds Muslim monuments
in Jerusalem.
Legacy of
Suleiman
• Ottoman Empire takes control of major Muslim
cities and becomes largest power in world.
• Shakespeare and other Renaissance authors are
inspired by him.
• Legal reforms earned him the title “Law Giver”.
Results of the Crusades
• I.F. Turks Traveled they would Trade
• I = Improvements – Ships, Maps, Explorers
• F = Feudalism declines because Feudal lords die or
spend too much money on military.
• T = Turks still rule the Holy Land
• T = Travel – Europeans want to travel more
• T = Trade – Europeans want product from the East
such as sugar, cotton, silk, spices, etc.