Transcript Islam After Muhammad - HFAWorldHistory-Kos

The Islamic World After
Muhammad
Unit 2 Chapter 6 Section 2
Unit 2 Chapter 6 Section 4
Unit 2 Chapter 8 Section 4
4.2.1
What to do when Muhammad dies
• Caliph – Successor to Muhammad
• Abu Bakr – First Caliph
Unification of Arab People
• Abu Bakr unites Arab tribes and begins fighting
others to expand Arab Empire
– Syria (Byzantine controlled): 640 CE
– Egypt/Northern Africa: 642 CE
– Former Eastern Persian Empire (up to India): 650 CE
• Empire stretches from west of India to Spain
– Empire is stopped before it enters France and
Constantinople
Governing the Conquered
• Christians and Jews were allowed to
continue practicing
– Considered “People of the Book”
– Only had to be loyal to rule and pay taxes
– Less likely to rebel
Sunni vs. Shi’a vs. Sufi
• Split derives from leadership
– Shi’a – Believes only descendents from
Muhammad should be leaders of Islam
– Sunni – Accepts leaders not directly related to
Muhammad (still must be Islamic)
– Sufi – Practices through mysticism
• Much more open and accepting of other faiths
Islam in Africa
• 641 – Arabs take Egypt
• Early 700’s – Arabs rule
northern and western
Africa
• Occupied along Red Sea
• Spreads along northern
Sahara likely from trade
routes
– People are trading ideas
and materials
• In east, Islam combined
with elements of African
spiritualism
Islamic Art & Literature
• A blending of Arab, Turkish and Persian
styles
• Unique examples include Mosques,
castles and various works
• The Quran, the Rubiyat of Omar Khayyam
and the Arabian Nights are the most well
known works of Islamic literature
Islamic Math and Science
• Gave us zero and algebra
• Scientifically proved the earth was round
• Gave us an astrolabe that allowed sailors
to track their position
• Ibn Sina – Writes a medical journal used
for centuries after
– Discoveries included disease could spread
through contaminated water