Transcript Chapter 11.2 Spread of Islam

Chapter 11.2
Spread of Islam
Mr. Marsh
Columbus North High School
Age of Conquest
• Abu Bakr was the first Caliph (successor
to Muhammad)
– A large amount of early struggles with some
tribal leaders
– Was able to reunite many of the tribes do to
there allegiance to Islam
– Once reunited, the Arab military swept across
North Africa and into Europe
Victory to Victory
• Conquered Great chunks of both the Byzantine
and Persian Empires
• Crossed into Europe at the Strait of Gibraltar in
711 A.D.
• Pushed into France where they were stopped at
the Battle of Tours in 732 A.D.
• Siege on the capital city of the Byzantine Empire
– Constantinople
Why were they able to Succeed
• Weakness of the Byzantine and Persian
Empire
• People of the Fertile Crescent saw them
as liberators
• Common faith Muhammad had given his
people, Islam brought many Arab tribes
together
Movements within Islam
• Sunni (SOO nee)
– Caliph should be
chosen by leaders of
the Muslim Community
– Sunni’s saw the Caliph
as a leader, not a
religious authority
• Shiite (SHEE ite)
– Caliphs should be
descendants of
Muhammad and sonin-law
Ali
(Muhammad’s Son-in-law)
• Became the forth Caliph
– Was assassinated in 661 in a struggle for
leadership, His son was later killed
– Both along with many other Shiite’s were
killed by Sunni’s
• Division between Sunni and Shiite still exist today
Empire of the Caliphs
• Umayyad (oh MI ad) 661-750 A.D.
– Capital in Damascus, Syria
– Early Conquest which brought wealth to the
Arab World
– Much Economic tension between the “haves”
and the “have not”
• Hated by the Shiites because they were
responsible for the deaths of Ali and his son
Empire of the Caliphs
• Abbassids 750 A.D. – 1258 A.D.
– Disconnected Muslims found a leader Abu alAbbas
– Took over Damascus
• Kills all of the Umayyad Family
• Golden Age of the Muslim Civilization
• Moved the Capital to Baghdad
Decline of the Caliphate
• Around 850 AD divisions started to
fragment the Arab Empire
• Between 900-1400 a series of invasions
added chaos
Seljuk's
Turks that took over much of the Fertile Crescent
Seljuk interference with Christian pilgrims led Pope
Urban II to call for the First Crusade
Crusaders
1099 Christian warriors sent to take back the Holy
Empire
Mongols 1216 Genghis Khan swept out of Asia and into
Mesopotamia
1258 Hulagu Khan burned and looted Baghdad
1300s Timur the Lame lead armies into the Middle
East