Transcript The Spread of Islam

Bellringer
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The Spread of Islam
Agenda
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Venn Diagram
Quiz/Map
Spread of Islam Notes
Mini-DBQ
• Homework: Ch 10.3 Outline and Paper
• OBJ: SWBAT assess the causes of the Spread of
Islam
What happened when Muhammad
died?
• Muhammad died in 632
• Muhammad never named a successor, so the
community had to find someone to take over
for him
• The people decided to elect a caliph
– Caliph: successor
Who led after Muhammad?
• “Rightly Guided Caliphs”:
– Term refers to the Sunni belief that the caliphs
followed Muhammad’s example
– Consisted of the first 4 caliphs to lead after
Muhammad:
• Abu-Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali
• Under the leadership of the 4 caliphs, the empire
spread to include the cities of Damascus and
Jerusalem in Syria, parts of Egypt and North
Africa, and parts of the Persian Empire
What happened after the 4 Rightly
Guided Caliphs?
• Ali’s reign was disputed by Muawiya, the
governor of Syria
• Ali was assassinated in 661 CE
• After Ali’s death:
– The Umayyads, a Muslim dynasty, came to power
– Islam split into two sects: Sunni and Shi’a
Who are the Sunni?
Who are the Shi’a?
Sunni
• “followers of Muhammad's
example”
• The majority of Muslims
who felt that the caliph did
NOT need to be related to
Muhammad
• 85% of the world’s Muslims
today
• Located in the Middle East,
Africa, Europe, Indonesia,
and the U.S.
Shi’a
• “party” of Ali
• Felt that the caliph needed
to be related to Muhammad
• 15% of the world’s Muslims
today
• Located primarily in Iran
Who were the Umayyads and what
happened during their Caliphate?
• First Muslim dynasty
• Moved the capital city of the empire from
Mecca to Damascus, Syria
• Focused on gaining wealth through trade and
war
• Lost the Battle of Tours in France in 732 CE
– Background: Muslims had expanded into Europe
through Spain
– Christians in France led by Charles Martel
– Stopped Muslim expansion into Europe
What happened during the Abbasid
Caliphate?
• Came to power in 750 CE
• Moved capital to
Baghdad, Iraq
• Ruled over the Islamic
Golden Age
• The Abbasids remain the
ruling group in the
Muslim Empire until 1258
CE, when the Mongols
destroy Baghdad
How did the geography impact the
spread of Islam?
• Diffusion along trade routes from Mecca to
Medina
• Expansion despite great distances, desert
environments, and mountain barriers
• Spread into the Fertile Crescent, Iran, and
Central Asia facilitated by weak Byzantine and
Persian Empires
How did geography affect the
development of Islam?
• Political unity of the first Muslim Empire was
short-lived
• Arabic language spread with Islam and
facilitated trade across Islamic lands
• Slavery not based on race