Transcript Spread of Islam PPT

The Spread of Islam
Rightly Guided
• The first four successors of Muhammad
were called the Rightly Guided Caliphs
Caliph – “Successor”
• All related to Muhammad
• All elected by men
• Expanded Islam through Arabian
Peninsula, into the Byzantine Empire and
Persian Empire
•
•
•
•
Civil War
656 – Caliph Uthman murdered
Umayyad family gains Caliphate
No relation to Muhammad
Moves capital to
Damascus
Split within Islam
• Shiia – Muslims who believed the Caliph
should always be a relative of Muhammad
– Supported theocracy (laws of the land should
be Islamic law)
– Opposed the Umayyads
– Supported the Abbasid Dynasty
– (10%)
Sunni – Supported Umayyads
• Believed any good Muslim Man is eligible
to be Caliph – no relation to Muhammad
necessary
• Tend to support separation of Church and
state
Religious Issues
• Koran or Qur’an – Holy Book of Muhammad’s
teachings
• Jihad = holy struggle
– Some interpret this as individual struggle to do good.
– Some saw this as the struggle to spread Islam (
holy war)
• Jews and Christians allowed to practice their
religions “People of the Book”
• Polytheists must convert, leave or will be killed.
Sufi Muslims
• Believed people should give up their
materialistic lifestyles and devote
themselves to poverty and spiritual study
Expansion
• Abbasid Family takes control of Caliphate
in 750AD & moves capital to Baghdad
– Golden Age
– Diplomats to set up trade networks to the East
and North
• Umayyads flee to Spain
• Berbers (N. African Muslims) invade
Europe to the borders of France
– Settle in Spain
Watch the Spread of Islam
Abbasid Palace
Islamic Empires
India – Mughal Dynasty
Ottoman Empire
West Africa
Maps of Empire
• www.mapsofwar.com