Transcript The Schism of Islam:

The Schism of Islam:
Changes in Power and
Conflict
So! What did that whole
Islam thing do?
• Effect on the people in Arabia?
• Other religions that were practiced?
• Who was in charge of Islam?
• Why was he in charge?
Today! What Happens when You
Lose the Head of Your Empire?
• Muhammad dies in
632 CE
• Muslims have created
an empire over much
of the Arabian
Peninsula
• Since Muhammad
was the founder,
there is no history of
how to deal with this
loss
If I died, =(, Who would take
over the Classroom?
• Don’t Answer
Immediately!!!!
• And what if Mr. Salatellis
was not an option?
• What if it had to be
someone from this
classroom?
• How would you choose
that person?
• What traits would that
person have?
• Everyone write down
a name from the class
on a piece of paper
• Don’t show anyone
else!
• Since I’m dead, I’ll
collect the votes and
count them to see
who the winner is
• This is anonymous!!!!
• Why do you think this
person got the most
votes?
• What makes them the
best leader or is it
teacher?
• What does this say
about the way that
leaders are chosen?
The Successor to
Muhammad
• The leaders of Islam were
merchant elites, even
though Islam was more
successful at first with the
poor
• They chose Muhammad’s
father-in-law, Abu Bakr, to
be the next leader, or Caliph
of Islam
• Others wanted Ali,
Muhammad’s son-in-law
How Do we choose leaders?
• If they both had a link
to Muhammad, how
were they to know
who should lead?
• If both have evidence
of the former leader’s
favour, how do we
know?
• How do we know who
is telling the truth?
The First of the caliphs
• Abu Bakr only lasted 2
years before dying
• Old age + Sickness =
Dead
• But! Solidified rule over
Arabian peninsula and
defeated rebels who
refused Caliph rule
• Because disagreed on
who should be in charge
2nd Caliph: Umar
• Named by Abu Bakr as his
successor
• Helped establish the
Caliphate system with Abu
Bakr
• Was Caliph for 10 years
(634-644 CE)
• Conquered Persian
Empire
• Got assassinated! =(
Uthman: The Military man
• North African
expansion
• Push eastward
through to modern
day Pakistan and
north through modern
day Afghanistan
• Increased prosperity,
but assassinated in
656 CE
Extent of Empire under
Caliph Uthman
Finally Ali Gets a Shot!
• After the assassination,
Ali gets to be the next
Caliph
• Ruled from 656 – 661 CE
• He was the first male to
convert to Islam at the
age of 12
• Is the central figure of the
major schism of Islam:
Sunni and Shia
But many do not want ali...
....Or a split within a
single group that
makes it two groups!
• There was a large
group called the
Umayyads who had
links to the Caliphs
before Ali
• When Ali took over,
they were not happy
• Sought to establish a
different leader for
Islam
The Schism that Followed
Sunni - Umayyads
• Supported Abu Bakr as
1st Caliph
• Some evidence showed
that Muhammad wanted
Abu Bakr to succeed him
• Sunnis believe that
everyone agreed that Abu
Bakr should be the new
leader of the Muslim
community
Shia – Followers of Ali
• Wanted Muhammad’s
son-in-law Ali to become
the 1st Caliph
• Some evidence showed
that Muhammad wanted
Ali to succeed him
• Shias believe that there
were people who rejected
the selection of Abu Bakr,
and maintained belief in
Ali the whole time
Umayyad dynasty
• Made Damascus their Capital
• The 1st long
term dynasty in
the Arab
Empire
• Wealthy Arab
merchants who
were linked
with early
Caliphs
• Clan based out
of Syria
And They Lived Happily
Ever After....Ya think?
• What happens
when something
expands rapidly?
• How did voting go
at the beginning of
class?
• What if there were
thousands of you
instead of ~25?
Homework!! Booooooo!
• Write half a page about
what you think makes a
good leader
• Why are these things
important to leadership?
• How should leadership
pass from one person to
another?
• Does it matter what the
person is leading?