Transcript The World of Islam

The World of Islam
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Chapter 6
The Rise of Islam
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Chapter 6-1
The Arabs
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Arabian Peninsula: a desert land sorely lacking in rivers and lakes
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Arabs are nomadic people in an hostile environment
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Broken up into tribes
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Farmers and Sheepherders
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Ruled by a Sheikh: leader chosen from one of the leading families by a council of elders
Used camel for Caravan Trade
Carriers of major trade from the Indian Ocean
Polytheistic
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Believed in one supreme god Allah
Worshiped Black Stone: meteorite placed in Makkah(Mecca)
Geography Skill Builder
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Open to page 189
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Look at the map
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Answer questions 1 and 2 in your notes
The Life of
Muhammad
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Muhammad: Islamic prophet who received revelations from God
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Angel Gabriel will reach out to him
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Allah reveled himself through Moses and Jesus
Jewish and Christian Traditions
Final revelation given to Muhammad
Founded the Islamic Religion
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Quran: holy book of the Islamic faith
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Ethical guidelines and laws
Islam: “peace through submission to the will of Allah
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People who follow Islam are called Muslims
Conflict at Mecca
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Supporters of Islam leave Mecca
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622 C.E.=1st day of Islamic Calendar
Muslims relocated to Medina: “City of the Prophet”
Hijrah: Journey to Medina
630 C.E. Muhammad attacked Mecca
Hajj: All Muslims encouraged to make a pilgrimage to
Mecca
The Teaching of
Muhammad
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Monotheistic religion
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Muhammad considered a man who was a prophet
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Five Pillars of Islam: acts of worship belief, prayer, charity, fasting, and
pilgrimage
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Lead to eternal life
Shari’ah: law code to live by which regulates family, business,
government, and moral conduct.
Chart Skills
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Open to page 190
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Fill out the graphic organizer
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Answer the question which relates.
The Arab Empire
and Its Successors
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Chapter 6-2
Creation of an Arab Empire
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After Muhammad’s death he left no spiritual/political leader for the
Islamic community
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Arab Conquest
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Abu Bakr: a wealthy merchant and Muhammad’s father-in-law, chosen to be
leader of the community
Caliph: the religious and political successor to Muhammad. 632 C.E Bakr
named this
Jihad: “struggle in the way of God.” Quran permits fair, defensive warfare
Military leaders expand the empire
Arab Rule
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Relatively tolerant
Christians and Jews can practice faith with restrictions “People of the Book”
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Had to accept Muslim rule
Had to pay a special tax.
The Umayyads
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Mu’awiyah (moo UH wee uh): General who governed Syria who became
the next Caliph in 661 C.E.
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Founded the Umayyad Dynasty
Moved capital from Medina to Damascus
Umayyad Conquests
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Begins to take over Spain in 710 C.E.
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725 C.E most of Spain under Islamic control
Cordoba is capital
Battle of Tours: In 732 C.E. Islamic forces halted in France at Tours
Split in Islam
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Shia
Sunni
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Both groups divided the Muslim world
Turning Point
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This is what you will use for all your homework this evening.
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Open to page 195
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Read the Excerpt
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Why was this battle a turning point in History?
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What would have happened if the results were different?
Geography
Skills
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On page 195
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Look at the map
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Answer the two questions which pertain to the map
People in World History
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Divide the reading between all members of your group
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Answer the 3 discussion questions at the end on a separate sheet of
paper.
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This is what you will use for all your homework this evening.
Mapping History
Distant Outposts
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Using the information on the map answer all questions on the paper used
for the previous activity
The Abbasid Dynasty
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Umayyad Dynasty growing unfavorable
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Abu al-Abbas: over throws dynasty in 750 C.E and established the Abbasid
Dynasty-lasted until 1258 C.E.
Abbasid Rule
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Baghdad: newly created capital along Tigris river
Judges, merchants, and government officials seen as heroes
All Muslims can become important officials regardless of ethic background
Harun al-Rashid: ruled during the golden age of the Abbasid Caliphate
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known for charity, support of artist and writers. Also astronomy flourished.
Translated Greek works
Trade flourishes
Bureucracy becomes more complex
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Vizier: council headed by a prime minister meets to
discuss issues, Caliph will listen and whisper his orders
Geography Skills
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Open to page 197
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Look at the map
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Answer the questions which relate to the map
Seljuk Turks
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Abbasid empire fragmenting
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Fatimid Dynasty: established in Egypt
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Hired non-native soldiers
Seljuk Turks: nomadic people from central Asia
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Growing power
Captured Baghdad new title given to leader Sultan: “Holder of power”
Comes into conflict with the Byzantine Empire
The Crusades
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Alexius I: Byzantine Emperor asks Christian states
of the West for assistance against the Turks
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1096 C.E: First Crusade
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Europeans take control of Palestine
Saladin: 1169 emerges as Islamic leader against crusaders
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1187: invades the Kingdom of Jerusalem
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Does not allow a massacre
Allows Christian Religious practiced to continue
Little lasting impact on region
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Except breed centuries of mistrust between
Christians and Muslims
The Mongols
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Mongols: pastoral nomads who began a reign of terror across much of
the Eurasian continents
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Genghis Khan
Kublai Khan
Hulegu (Hoo-Lay-Goo): seized control of Baghdad, extreme hatred of Islam
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Destroyed schools, libraries, and Mosques: Muslim houses of worship
Killed a million Muslims, and members of the Abbasid Dynasty
Linking Past and Present
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Using the Worksheet
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Read and Answer all questions regarding the document
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Create a T chart which relates to the government styles then and now
Opposing View Points
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How Did the Arab Empire Succeed?
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Open to page 198
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Create a Venn Diagram of SOURCE ONE and SOURCE TWO
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Compare and Contrast these two sources. How are they similar? How are
they different?
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Answer the two questions which relate
Islamic Civilization
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6-3
Graphic Organizer 6.3
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Read and answer all questions which relate