Transcript Muslim Dynasties PowerPoint

Muslim Gunpowder Dynasties
1300–1700
Three great Muslim powers—the
Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal
empires—emerge between 1300 and
1600.
The Muslim world experienced a
Golden Age of Culture (like the
Renaissance)
It also experienced religious conflict
(like the Reformation)
Suleyman the Lawgiver.
Refer to your note packet
Muslim Gunpowder Dynasties
Empire Building: Three of the great empires of history—
the Ottomans in Turkey, the Safavids in Persia, and the
Mughals in India—emerged in the Muslim world between
the 14th and the 18th centuries.
Cultural Diffusion: As powerful societies moved to expand
their empires, Turkish, Persian, Mongol, and Arab ways of
life blended. The result was a flowering of Islamic culture
that peaked in the 16th century.
Power & Authority: The rulers of all three great Muslim
empires of this era based their authority on Islam. They
based their power on strong armies, advanced technology,
and loyal administrative officers.
Turn to the map at the back of your note packet.
Mark the locations of the three empires using the next
slide
The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire
The Ottomans established a Muslim empire that combined
many cultures and lasted for more than 600 years.
▪ Built a small state in Anatolia (Turkey)
between 1300 and 1326 and began rule of
the Ottomans
▪ Was a unifier of the Turkish tribes
▪ Turks became ghazis, or warriors for Islam
▪ Osman’s successors used the title of Sultan,
or overlord (king, emperor, ruler).
Osman
Mehmet II
▪ Came to power in 1451
▪ Called Mehmet the Conqueror because he captured
Constantinople (1453)
(See Mankind video, New World, Fall of Constantinople)
The predicted fall of Constantinople. Print (19th century), Panagiotis
Zografos.
▪ Came to power in 1512
▪ Overthrew his father
▪ Executed his nephews and all but
one of his sons
▪ Defeated Safavids of Persia
▪ Conquered Syria, Palestine, the
holy cities of Mecca and Medina,
and Egypt
Selim the Grim
Suleiman
▪ Came to power in 1520
▪ Empire reaches its greatest height
▪ Took control of the eastern Mediterranean and
North Africa coastline
▪ Divided empire into administrative units
▪ Organized laws of the empire
▪ Supported the arts, architecture, and learning
(a Golden Age)
▪ Called Suleiman the Magnificent, Suleiman the
Lawgiver
▪ #100 on the Millennium List of Influential
People
Suleymaniye Camii
(mosque) in Istanbul,
Turkey.
The Safavid Empire
Isma’il
Early 1500s
▪ Conquered most of what is now Iran
▪ Took ancient Persian title of Shah
▪ Made Shia Islam the state religion
* Difference between Sunni and Shia Islam
▪ Became a religious tyrant who executed
people who would not convert
▪ Caused conflict between Shia and Sunni
Muslims that continues today
▪ Identification as Sunni was not emphasized
by Ottomans until Safavids emphasized Shia
Islam
Shah Abbas helped create a Safavid culture.
Came to power in 1587
▪ Promoted cultural blending in his empire
▪ Established relations with Europe
▪ Invited Chinese artisan to his court
▪ Based government on Ottoman model
▪ Like Suleiman, presided over a Golden Age
Shah Abbas I. Safavid mural (1640s), Chihil Sutun, Isfahan, Iran.
The Mughal Empire in India
Akbar the Great
1556-1605
▪ Loved learning, but was illiterate. Had
books read to him
▪ Encouraged debate among priests and
scholars
▪ Practiced religious tolerance
▪ Ruled through a bureaucracy of both
Hindu and Muslim officials
▪ Practiced cultural blending
▪ Encouraged arts, architecture, and
literature
▪ A Golden Age ruler
▪ A new language, Urdu, is created
Akbar (1542–1605),
Mughal emperor.
Shah Jahan
1628-1658
▪ Ordered the building of the Taj
Mahal
▪ The building depleted the empire’s
resources
▪ People were heavily taxed and
denied important services
(See Mankind video, Treasure,
Uncountable Wealth)
Taj Mahal and reflecting pool. White-marble mausoleum complex (17th century),
Agra, India.