Transcript Ch. 8 Notes
“To Tolerate everything is to teach nothing” ◦ Dr. F.J. Kinsman EQ: ◦ Who founded Islam? Where? Why? ◦ What are the six major religions in the world? Read 80 – 85 in Text ◦ Summarize Each Religion Middle East Map 1 2 Islam is the second largest religion in the world with almost 1.5 billion Muslims – followers of Islam. The major Islamic regions of the world are North Africa, Middle east and southeast Asia. The religion has became increasingly important in world events since 2001. Islam means “peace” and “submission” 3 Mohammed, who Muslims believe is Allah’s greatest prophet, is said to have received a revelation from Allah around 610 A.D. After preaching without success in Mecca (Saudi Arabia), in 622 he and his followers moved to Medina. Muhammad won a lot of believers in Medina, and in 630 raised an army of 10,000 and captured Mecca. Soon after Muhammed’s death in 632, the religion began to spread quickly across the region. 4 5 Mohammed wrote these revelations that he received from Allah into the Quran – The holy book of Islam Muslims believe in one God, whose name is Allah. They share a common history and ancestry with Judaism and Christianity, accepting all of the Jewish - Christian prophets like Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and Moses. 6 In most Islamic cultures, the dress is very modest Women: Must cover all parts of their body except their hands and face. Most women wear a head covering Men: Must cover themselves as well, but dress is not as strict areas Clothing must also be loose 7 What is the beginning of eternity, the end of time and space; The beginning of every end, and the end of every race? EQ: ◦ What are the basic beliefs of Islam? ◦ How are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam similar? Different? Comparison handout Quotes from holy books handout Video Emp. Of Faith – segment 1 (25) 8 Shahada – Profession of Faith “There is no God, but Allah” Salat – Five Prayers a day Zakat – Give money to the poor Sawm – Fast for the month of Ramadan Hajj – Pilgrimage to Mecca 9 Sunni Shi’ite The Division of Islam into Sunni’s and Shi’ites was because of disagreement over the succession to Mohammed Sunni’s believed that the most qualified leader in Mohammed inner circle should be the Caliph - leader of Islam Shi’ites believe that Mohammed's closest relatives should succeed Mohammed as Caliph 10 There were three main Muslim empires ◦ Ottomans - 1300 - 1918 Modern day Turkey ◦ Safavids – 1500 – 1722 Modern day Iraq and Iran ◦ Moguls – 1571 - 1740 Modern day India and Pakistan 11 Around 1300 the Turks began to expand their kingdom The Ottomans were from the Anatolian Peninsula, which borders the Mediterranean and Black Seas 12 Over the next three centuries the Ottomans expanded into Europe by defeating the Byzantine Empire and capturing its most important cityConstantinople It renamed Constantinople - Istanbul It also expanded into Northern Africa and the Middle East 13 Mehmet II – Ottoman leader from 1451 – 1481, who sacked Constantinople and expanded Ottoman control into the Balkan Peninsula. Selim I – Ottoman leader from 1481 – 1520 who took control of Mesopotamia and traditional holy cities of Jerusalem, Mecca, and Madinah Suleyman the Magnificent1520 -1566 expanded Ottoman control all the way to Vienna Sinan – Ottoman architect who built over 81 Mosques (Muslim places of worship) 14 Gunpowder Empires – ◦ Outside conquerors unified regions that they conquered by effectively using firearms. Sultan – name for the Ottoman ruler ◦ Very similar to a king Grand Vizier – chief minister of the sultan Ulema – religious advisors of the Sultan Pasha – Officials appointed by the central government Harem – The sultans palace, where he and his wives resided. “sacred place” Janissaries- Christian soldiers from the Balkans recruited to be part of the elite guard for the Ottomans 15 Around 1700 the Ottomans began losing some of its territory in Europe as Austrian & Russian armies drove them out of most of Europe Also lost Egypt to the British The Empire did not fully collapse until end of World War I when the central powers, which included the ottomans, were defeated by the allied powers. 16 “I may not ever make it famous, but I’ll never bring it shame” ◦ Dirks Bentley EQ: ◦ What was the significance of Constantinople falling to the Ottomans? ◦ How were the Safavids similar to the Ottomans? Constantinople handout Venn Diagram Finish segment 1 -Video Emp. Of Faith (25) 17 Unlike their neighboring ottomans, the Safavid’s were Shiite muslims. The Empire was founded by Shah Ismail in 1501 Shah – King 18 Shah Abbas- Safavid shah who ruled from 1588 to 1629 and led Safavid Empire to its height by using new arms and latest weapons Safavids were also a gunpowder empire Abbas was aided by European leaders who allied themselves against the Ottomans 19 After Abbas died the Safavids continually declined until it collapsed in 1722, when it was invaded by Afghans and Ottomans 20 Babur Founded the Mogul Empire in Indian Subcontinent around 1500. Akbar was the grandson of Babur and expanded the empire to its greatest extent. 21 The Taj Mahal is the most historic and beautiful building in India It was built in the mid 1600’s by Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal 22 The arrival of the British, which would colonize India for 250 years, caused the decline of the Mogul empire 23 “Freedom is the Almighty God’s gift to every man and woman” ◦ George W. Bush EQ: ◦ What is the root cause of modern day terrorism? ◦ How and when did the modern nation of Israel form? Taj Mahal Handout Muslim Empires Timeline Handout Group Discussion Questions Mid-East Map Quiz 24 Why did terrorist attack the U.S. in 2001? List 5 major terror groups in the world. Why did the U.S. attack Iraq? Afghanistan? Name the three major Palestinian areas inside Israel. What is the source of conflict between Israel and Palestinians? When was the modern nation of Israel formed/created? Why? (explain) 25 “If I take care of my character, my reputation will take care of itself” ◦ D.L. Moody Ch. 8 Test Re-teaching Handout – 3 empires 26