Transcript The Muslim World Expands Unit 1x

Unit 1: Chapter 2
THE MUSLIM WORLD EXPANDS
1300-1700
ISLAM

Founder: Muhammad
 7th
century
Sacred Text: Quran/Koran
 God: Allah

IMPORTANT BELIEFS

Five Pillars (duties)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Proclaim belief in one god
Prayer: 5 times a day,
facing Mecca
Charity to poor and aged
Fasting during the holy
month of Ramadan
Hajj-pilgrimage to Mecca
DIVISIONS WITHIN ISLAM
After Muhammad’s death fight over who
is Muhammad’s heir as caliph (head of a
Muslim state), many murdered including
Ali; Muhammad’s son-in-law
 Split into Sunni and Shiite

 Sunni-believe
any devout Muslim could be
caliph
 Shiite-believe only descendants of Ali can be
caliph
EQ: WHAT WERE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
MUSLIM EMPIRE ESTABLISHED BY THE
OTTOMANS?
RISE OF THE OTTOMANS
1300s Byzantine Empire was declining
 Most of Anatolia was inhabited by Turks

 Many
saw themselves as ghazis (warriors for Islam)
Formed military societies under an emir (chief
commander)
Followed a strict code of Islamic law

Most successful ghazi- Osman (followers called
Ottomans)
PRINT TALK/WALK
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Each group will receive one of the prominent rulers of the
Ottoman Empire
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Osman
Orkhan I
Murad II
Mehmed II
Selim the Grim
Suleyman I
In your graph organizer note the time period of their reign,
their major accomplishments and any fact that you are pretty
sure you need to know
Raise your hand and I will check your organizer; once it is
checked- write your information on the paper provided so it
can be posted
When time to work is up each group will select one person to
present their group’s findings.
HOW DID SULEYMAN’S SELECTION OF A
SUCCESSOR EVENTUALLY SPELL DISASTER FOR
THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE?

Killed his most able son; exiled another- Selim
II inherited the throne
 Weak
Most new sultans had their brothers strangled
and their sons in the harem- mostly
uneducated
 Why? Sultans feared anyone taking their power

VOCABULARY PRACTICE-MATCHING
1.
2.
3.
4.
Sultan
Ghazis
Devshirme
janissaries
a.
b.
c.
d.
Elite force of soldiers in
the Ottoman Empire;
loyal to sultan
Warrior for Islam
Policy of taking boys
from conquered
Christian peoples to be
trained as Muslim
soldiers
“overlord” or “one with
power”
ANSWER EQ

What were the characteristics of the Muslim
Empire established by the Ottomans?
EQ: WHAT WERE THE CULTURAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BLENDED SAFAVID
EMPIRE?
THINK ABOUT IT
WHAT DO YOU THINK THE PHRASE “CULTURAL
BLENDING” MEANS?
PATTERNS OF CULTURAL BLENDING
Led by cultural change- migration: pursuit of
religious freedom or conversion, trade,
conquest
 Results
 Language
(ex: Persian and Arabic words used)
 Religion and ethical systems
 Styles of government
 Racial/ethnic blending
 Arts and architecture
SAFAVID EMPIRE

Located between the Ottomans, Uzbeks and
Mughal Empire

1499- 12 yr old ruler, Isma’il, took over “Iran”; done
within 2 years
 Took
Persian title of shah (king)
Est. Shi’a Islam as state religion
 Religious tyrant; don’t convert you were put to death

 Destroyed
Sunni population of Baghdad; Selim the Grim
retaliated by executing Shi’a population in Ottoman Empire (up
to 40,000)

Safavid vs Ottoman face off: Battle of Chaldiran
1514- sets border between Iraq and Iran
CONCEPT WEB: SAFAVID GOLDEN AGE
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Shah Abbas (Abbas the Great) 1587-1629
 Under
him the Safavid culture will develop from a
blend between Ottoman, Persian, Arab sources
New
Capital
military
government
religion
Reforms
Safavid
Golden Age
Artwork
Carpets
DECLINE
Shah Abbas killed/blinded able sons;
incompetent rulers followed
 1736: Nadir Shah Afshar expanded to India

 Cruel
(death penalty if you didn’t pay your taxes;
killed 30,000 citizens in the city of Dehli- present
day India)
 Assassinated
by one of his troops 1747
 Empire fell apart
ANSWER THE EQ: GROUP

What were the cultural characteristics of the
blended Safavid Empire?
EQ: HOW DID THE MUGHAL EMPIRE BRING
TURKS, PERSIANS AND INDIANS TOGETHER?
RISE OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE
1494: Babur inherited a tiny kingdom in
present day Uzbekistan and Tajikistan but the
elders drove him out
 Builds army, swept into India and est. Mughal
Empire (no unity in India due to defeated Dehli
Sultanate 1398 by Timur the Lame)
 Rules from 1526-1530; then son Humayan
ruled: weak, lost territory
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 When
he dies his son, Akbar, comes to the throne
AKBAR’S GOLDEN AGE
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Blended Cultures (Persian, Arabic, Hindi= Urdu)
Military conqueror
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Armies had heavy artillery
Appointed some rajputs as officers- made
enemies into allies
Unified a land of 100 million people
King must always be aggressive so his
neighbors do not try to conquer him
Liberal ruler
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Religious freedom
Abolish tax on Hindu pilgrimages and jizya (tax on
non-Muslims)
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Instead a tax on amount of crops yielded
Governed through Bureaucracy
Anyone could rise to political office
AKBAR’S SUCCESSORS
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Son: Jahangir; real ruler wife- Nur Jahan
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Grandson: Shah Jahan
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Son Khusrau rebelled, allied with Sikhs; leads to Sikhs
becoming targets of empire
Built Taj Mahal as tomb for wife, Mumtaz Mahal
Famines, overtaxed the people to build monuments and war
Great-grandson: Aurangzeb (1658-1707)

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Expanded empire but weakened it by overtaxing nonMuslims, outlawing “vices”, enforcing Islamic law, destroyed
Hindu monuments
Rajputs and Sikhs rebel
DECLINE
2 million people died in famine under
Aurangzeb
 Local lords arose; empire divides
 Mughal emperor becomes figurehead
 Western traders arrived

 1661
Aurangzeb gave away port of Bombay
DO NOW: COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE
POLICIES OF AKBAR AND AURANGZEB

Create a T-chart and compared and contrast
Akbar’s polices and Aurangzeb’s policies