Transcript NEW CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENTS

NEW CIVIL RIGHTS
MOVEMENTS
CHAPTER 29, SECTION 3
NORTHERN SEGREGATION
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Major African-American migrations from South to North had occurred at
different times:
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Why then?
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Reconstruction violence / creation of Jim Crow after Civil War
Industrial job opportunities during WW II
MOST NORTHERN STATES were segregated, BUT NOT BY LAW
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After Civil War (1860’s/70’s)
During WW II
de facto segregation
de jure segregation
Problem:
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Post-WW II economic boom & consumerism caused “White Flight”, which left
cities in decay
African-Amer. population lived primarily in cities
Urban decay leaves urban population @ disadvantage
Urban facilities (Schools, housing, etc.) deteriorates
So…urban life deteriorates
URBAN PROBLEMS
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Urban decay left urban African-American population living in very
poor conditions:
LBJ’s Great Society had promised $ for urban renewal & other
programs
Problem?
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Result?
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Late 1960’s: Vietnam War siphons off $ originally designated
for Great Society
So…urban problems are left unsolved
Riots ; Examples?
1964: Harlem, NYC
1965: Watts, LA, California – 34 killed, $30 Million in property lost
MLK: “The promise of the Great Society has been shot down
on the battlefields of Vietnam”
NEW CIVIL RIGHTS GROUPS
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Malcolm X: Spokesman for The Nation of Islam
Where did the name “X” originate?
His background:
The Nation of Islam:
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Led by Elijah Muhammad
Basic ideas:
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Whites were the cause of Black problems
Black society should separate from White society
How does this contrast what we’ve seen in Civil Rights?
Malcolm X is most gifted speaker in N.O.I.
Basic theme:
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Armed self-defense of Black society was necessary & justified
There could be no joining of the two societies
Elijah
Muhammad,
N.O.I. leader
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MALCOLM X
NEW CIVIL RIGHTS GROUPS
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PROBLEM:
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1964:
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Malcolm Xs call for armed struggle frightens
moderate black leaders
Some in N.O.I. leadership suspicious of his
popularity
Malcolm X travels to Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Changes his views on white-black relations
Breaks w/N.O.I.
Black Muslim leadership view this as threat to them
1965: Malcolm X assassinated in Harlem,
NYC
NEW CIVIL RIGHTS GROUPS
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THE BLACK PANTHERS: Origins
Founded in Oakland, CA, 1966
Founders: Bobby Seale, Huey Newton
Why?
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Same Civil Rights issues that other groups opposed
Police brutality, violence against black community in Oakland was
notorious
Basic Idea: “Black Power”
Means What?
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Black leadership should take control of black communities,
neighborhoods
Black men should be exempt from military service; Why?
Believed armed revolt might be necessary
Studied the organization principles of China’s Mao Zedong
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“All Power flows from the barrel of a gun”
Later joined by Stokeley Charmichael of SNCC
Shootouts, confrontations w/police occur, but no widespread
armed revolt
Bobby Seale
& Huey Newton,
Black Panther
founders
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Black Panther
Logo
MORE VIOLENCE
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April, 1968: MLK assassinated
 Where? Memphis, TN
 Who? James Earl Ray (Right top)
 Why? Ray is white supremacist
 June, 1968: RFK is Dem. Pres. Candidate
 RFK assassinated
 Where? LA
 Who? Sirhan Sirhan (Right below)
 Why? Sirhan is Jordanian militant angered
by RFKs support of Israel
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MLK &
RFK,1968