Transcript Inner and Eastern Asia, 400-1200 Chapter 10

Unit 3
Inner and Eastern Asia,
400-1200
The Early Tang Empire, 618-755



Reunification of China after centuries of
division took place under the ____ dynasty.
Heavily influenced by Buddhism.
Declined rapidly. Why?
Tang Origins
 Established



in 618.
Territorial expansion, and combined ______
with ________ traditions.
Avoided over-centralization
How did they examine candidates for office?
Buddhism and the Tang Empire
 Tang
emperors legitimized their control by
using Buddhism


Kings are spiritual subjects
Buddhist monasteries were allies of Tang
emperors.
 Mahayana



“the great vehicle”
Bodhisattvas
Flexible beliefs; gods
Translation of texts
 Spread
of Buddhism through Central and
East Asia
• Chang’an


Tibetans, Vietnamese, Japanese, and Korean
Exchange of religion and culture
To Chang’an by Land and Sea

Tributary system
 Chang’an

Million residents, mostly living outside city walls
• Curfew

Merchants

Jewish and West Asian
• Via Indian Ocean trade routes
_______ was brought from
W.Asian trade routes

Trade and Cultural Exchange
 Combined
Central Asian influences with
Chinese culture bringing:
 China lost its _____ monopoly, but
produced its own cotton, tea, and sugar.
 By 1000 it exported more than it imported.
What were its two biggest exports?
Rivals for Power in Inner Asia and
China, 600-907
The Uigur and Tibetan Empires

At the height of Tang rule, Turk speaking
Uighurs
• Merchants and scribes
• Ties to Islam and China

and Tibetans built large rival states in Inner
Asia.
• Ties to Southeast Asia, China, South and Central
China. Open to Indian, Chinese, Islamic, and
Greek culture
 Early


alliance
Tibet king married Tang (Chinese) princess
Mahayana Buddhism merged with Tibet local
religion
 Military


rivalry
Engaged in militarism with the Tang
Conflict with monasteries backfired. Result:
Upheavals and Repression, 750-879
the late 9th century conservative leaders
of the Tang Empire broke the power of the
Buddhist monasteries.
 In


Undermining family
Eroding tax base

Legitimize women in politics
• Wu Zhao


became emperor via bodhisattva
Favoritism to:
• Yang Guifei
• Stereotypes and exaggerations of women
 Crackdown
on Buddhism brought
destruction of many Buddhist cultural
artifacts.
The End of The Tang Empire,
879-907


Reason for the fall:
 Vast land
• Internal rebellion
 Al Lushan rebellion
 Huang Chao rebellion
Effect of fall:
 Independence of provincial governors ruled smaller
kingdoms.
 Refugees, migrant workers, and homelessness
became a common site in China.
 East Asian was _______ from Islamic world and
Europe.
Part 2
Inner and Eastern Asia
The Emergence of East Asia, to 1200
The Liao and Jin Challenge
 After
the fall of the Tang, a number of new
states emerged:
Liao
 Jin (Jurchen)
 Song: developed
seafaring
and strengthened contacts with:


The Liao state included _______ and ________.
 Diverse leaders:


The Liao state, 916-1121



Strong military bullied the Song
How did the Song rid themselves of Liao dominance?
The Jin established their own empire


Kitan ethnic group
How did they deal with the Song?
The Song Empire, 1127-1279
Song Industries
 Technological



innovations
Mathematics, astronomy, calendar
Where did they get it from?
Su Song
 Compass
 Shipbuilding

Junk
 Military




Paid
Iron and coal
Steel
gunpowder
Economy and Society in Song China
 What
did the Song value most?
 Religion
1.
2.
3.
 Civil

Service Exam
Why did rich have an advantage in passing
the exams?
 How
did moveable type transform Song
life?
 During the Song period, population rose to
_____.

Hangzhou
 “Flying

Problems:
 Market



money” and paper money
Economy
Government couldn’t control it
Privatized tax collection
Trade v. Land
 Women


Why were the severely subordinated?
Bound feet
New Kingdoms in East Asia
Chinese Influences
 Korea,
Japan, and Vietnam were all
influenced by the Chinese. What did they
learn from them?

How were they different?
Korea
 Elite
absorbed Confucianism and
Buddhism from China and passed them to
_____.
 Unification


Silla (668)
Koryo (900s)
 Advanced
woodblock writing
Japan
warriors unified these states in 4th
or 5th century on Honshu Island.
 Government, law, and
architecture based on _______.
 Korean
Maintained their own
system of emperorship
 Mandate of Heaven
 Shinto

 Heian


period (794-1185)
Fujiwara
Women
 Kamakura Shogunate


Tale of the Heike
samurai
(late 1000s)
Vietnam
 Geographically similar
to southern China.
Modeled after the _____ and ______
dynasties.


Annam (north Vietnam) established itself as an
independent state named Dia Viet.
South Vietnam, Champa culminated a relationship
with the Song.
• Voluntary tribute to Tang

Champa rice was a valuable gift. Why?
 East
Asian countries shared a common
Confucian interest in hierarchy, but the status
of women varied from country to country.



Foot binding
Annan women
Education